quiz 3

Question 1

Ionotropic Receptor

Answer 1

• quick messaging
• receptor protein containing an ion channel that opens when receptor is bound by agonist

Question 2

Metabolic Receptors

Answer 2

• longer lasting effect
• uses 2nd messenger system to open nearby ion channels

Question 3

G-Proteins

Answer 3

link across cell membrane to activate 2nd messengers

Question 4

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

Answer 4

itself is an amino acid (building block of proteins)

Question 5

Glutamate

Answer 5

• Amino Acid Neurotrans.
• most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter
• too little = difficulty concentrating
• too much = excitotoxicity (damage to nerve cells)

Question 6

Synaptic Plasticity

Answer 6

Strengthening / weakening of signaling between neurons over time
important w/ learning and memory
(glutamate)

Question 7

Long Term Potentiation

Answer 7

strengthening component of plasticity
“use it or lose it”
Glutamate

Question 8

GABA

Answer 8

• amino acid neurotransmitter
• most widespread inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 9

Peptide Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

short chain of amino acids
signaling in brain & other areas

Question 10

Opiod Peptides

Answer 10

endogenous mimicking of morphine in binding to opiod receptors & producing analgesia / reward
peptide neurotransmitter

Question 10

Amine Neurotransmitters

Answer 10

based on modifications of a single amino acid nucleus
major targets for drug development

Question 11

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 11

• amine neurotransmitter
• role in neurotransmission in the forebrain

Question 12

cholinergic

Answer 12

neurons that use Act as synaptic transmitters
project to cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus

Question 13

basal forebrain

Answer 13

source of cholinergic projections in the brain

Question 14

Dopamine (DA)

Answer 14

found in midbrain
substantia nigra
basal forebrain
Amine neurotransmitter

Question 15

Dopaminergic

Answer 15

cells that use dopamine as synaptic transmitter

Question 16

substantia nigra

Answer 16

source of projections of dopaminergic
loss of # of dopaminergic neurons leads to Parkinson’s

Question 17

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Answer 17

projects dopaminergic fibers to nucleus accubens

Question 18

Mesolimbocortical pathway

Answer 18

important in processing reward

Question 19

mesostriticital pathway

Answer 19

dopaminergic projection that originates in midbrain around the substantial nigra & projects to basal ganglia
motor control

Question 20

Serotonin

Answer 20

amine neurotransmitter
produced in raphe nuclei
mood, vision, sex behavior, anxiety, sleep

Question 21

Serotonergic

Answer 21

cells use serotonin as synaptic transmitter

Question 22

raphe nuclei

Answer 22

string of nuclei in midline of midbrain & brainstem that contain most of serotonergic neurons in brain

Question 23

Norepinephrine (NE)

Answer 23

active in brain & sympathetic nervous system
amine neurotransmitter

Question 24

Noradrenergic

Answer 24

use norepinephrine as transmitter

Question 25

locus coeruleus

Answer 25

small nucleus in brainstem neurons produce NE & modulate large areas of forebrain

Question 26

lateral tegmental area

Answer 26

brainstem region that provides some or NE containing projections of the brain

Question 27

Gas Neurotransmitters

Answer 27

soluble gases that diffuse between neurons

Question 28

retrograde transmitters

Answer 28

released by postsynaptic neuron, diffuses back across synapse and let's functioning of presynaptic neuron