Hearing

Question 1

measure of sound intensity

Answer 1

Decibels
loudness

Question 2

measure frequency (perceived as pitch)

Answer 2

Herz
cycles per second

Question 3

Transduced

Answer 3

conversion of 1 form of energy to another

Question 4

external part of the ear

Answer 4

pinna

Question 5

ear canal

Answer 5

external ear
tube leading from pinna to tympanic membrane through sound waves are funneled

Question 6

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 6

middle ear
tout membrane at inner end of ear canal
captures sound vibrations in air w some frequency as sound

Question 7

ossicles

Answer 7

incus, malleus, stapes
transmit vibration across the middle ear
tympanic membrane to oval window

Question 8

Oval window

Answer 8

middle ear
location on cochlea where vibrations are transmitted from ossicles to interior of cochlea
receives vibrations from tympanic membrane through ossicles

Question 9

Cochlea

Answer 9

inner ear
snail shaped structure
contains primary receptor cells for hearing

Question 10

3 parallel canals

Answer 10

scala vestibuli / vestibular canal (length of cochlea)
scala media / middle canal (btw vestibular and tympanic canal)
scala tympani / tympanic canal (length of cochlea)

Question 11

organ of corti

Answer 11

cochlea of scala media
contains hair cells and terminations of auditory nerve
converts vibration from sound into neural activity

Question 12

hair cells

Answer 12

auditory sensory cells
bridge btw basilar membrane & tectorial membrane

Question 13

basilar membrane

Answer 13

in cochlea
contains principal structures involved in auditory transduction

Question 14

Tectorial Membrane

Answer 14

gelatinous membrane located atop the organ corti

Question 15

Sterocillia

Answer 15

bristle that protrudes from a hair cell in auditory or vestibular system
mechanical bridge btw basilar membrane and tectorial membrane

Question 16

Cochlear Nuclei

Answer 16

brainstem nuclei that receive input from auditory hair cells
send output to superior olivary nuclei

Question 17

superior olivary nuclei

Answer 17

receive input from R & L cochlea nuclei,
provide 1st binaural analysis of auditory info

Question 18

tonotopic organization

Answer 18

organization of auditory neurons according to an orderly map of stimulus frequency from low to high

Question 19

Place coding theory

Answer 19

pitch of sound determined by location of activated hair cells along length of basilar membrane
good for higher frequencies

Question 20

Temporal Coding Theory

Answer 20

pitch of sound determined by rate of firing auditory neurons
good for low frequency

Question 21

infrasound

Answer 21

less than 20 Hz
very low frequency

Question 22

ultrasound

Answer 22

more than 20,000 hz
high frequency sound

Question 23

Interaural Intensity Differences

Answer 23

Perceived difference in loudness between two ears
localize sound source

Question 24

Intramural Temporal Differences

Answer 24

Difference between two ears in time arrival of sound
ear closer hears sound better

Question 25

Spectral Filtering

Answer 25

hills and valleys of eternal ear alter amplitude of some frequencies in a sound vertical localization of sound

Question 26

Hearing loss

Answer 26

decreased sensitivity to sound

Question 27

deafness

Answer 27

hearing loss so profound that speech perception is lost

Question 28

conduction deafness

Answer 28

ossicles of middle ear fused together vibrations of eardrum can't be conveyed to oval window of cochlea

Question 29

sensorineural deafness

Answer 29

caused by permanent damage / destruction of hair cells OR interruption of vestibulocochlear nerve that carries auditory info to brain deficit in inner ear

Question 30

tinnitus

Answer 30

sensation of noises or ringing in ears not cause by external sound

Question 31

central deafness

Answer 31

auditory areas of brain fail to process / interpret action potentials from sound stimuli impaired perception of complex sounds

Question 32

word deafness

Answer 32

form of central deafness that is characterized by inability to hear words can detect other sounds

Question 33

cortical deafness

Answer 33

form of central deafness damage to both sides of auditory Cortex difficulty recognizing all complex sounds