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FMST210 > Quiz 2: Slides > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What % of children in North America have siblings?

A

80%

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2
Q

What are 4 characteristics of sibling relationships?

A
  1. emotionally charged
  2. defined by the time spent together
  3. large differences in quality of relations
  4. age differences (issues with power/control)
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3
Q

Differentiate between traits of typical 1st born vs 2nd born children

A

1st Born:
- more likely to engage in leadership
- more self disipline
TRAITS: goal-setting achievement, responsibility, perfection, rule keeping

2nd Born:
- more likely to be a learner & ask for care/help
- more manipulative/rebellious
- uses tactics to get parental attention
TRAITS: extroverted, funny, lighthearted, creative, flexible

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4
Q

Describe the skills being focused on in the 3 developmental periods of childhood

A

0-2: trust, security, attachment

3-5: language, autonomy

5+: problem solving, social skills, individual interests

think about the ways siblings growing up in different stages may impact development

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5
Q

What are the family dynamics that impact sibling relationships?

A
  • parental power and role of empathy and authority
  • parents co-parenting skills
  • how parents handle stress (& the resources they have to cope with it)
  • structure and consistency
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6
Q

In general, what 4 main things affect sibling relationships?

A

Individual Traits + Developmental Period + Family Dynamics + Child’s disposition towards sibling

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7
Q

When is sibling rivalry most common?

A

most common with siblings of same gender and when they’re less than 2 years apart

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8
Q

Siblings 3-7 have about _______ conflicts per HOUR

A

3.5

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9
Q

What are the benefits of siblings?

A
  • younger children learn faster by observing siblings
  • working as a team with siblings helps them in other areas (ex. peers at school)
  • long term support with care of elderly parents
  • possible antidote to loneliness
  • more likely to share emotions/seek solutions when children have siblings

**promote EMPATHY, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, ACEDEMIC ACHIEVMENT

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10
Q

What are “serve and return” responsive relationships?

A

where children reach for interaction (give the serve) and caregiver “returns the serve” by speaking back, laughing, responding in any way

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11
Q

How many braincells are infants born with?

A

100 billion (unconnected)

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12
Q

What is pruning/sculpting

A

the discarding of brain cells when connections are not made with them

a natural process that happens fastest in early childhood and continues slower in adolecense

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13
Q

______ majorly interrupts brain development

A

toxic stress

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14
Q

What is experinced-based brain development?

A

that experiences shapes brain architecture

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15
Q

What is long reach development?

A

the process of early development influencing later development

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16
Q

What is brain placisity?

A

the brain’s capacity to change in response to experiences

(greatest in early years!)

17
Q

What are the aspects of responsive care?

A
  • responds to child’s own cues/signals
  • recognizes both a child’s physical and emotional needs/limits
  • promotes the child’s social and emotional development
18
Q

What are the 11 social determinants of health?

A
  1. Income and social status
  2. Employment and working conditions
  3. Education and lieracy
  4. EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
  5. physical environments
  6. social supports & coping skills
  7. Healthy behaviours
  8. Access to health services
  9. Gender
  10. Culture
  11. Race
19
Q

Describe toxic stress?

A

chronic, excessive stress that exceeds a child’s ability to cope, especially without supportive adults

20
Q

Provide 2 ways where having high levels of severe stress affects a child’s future health outcomes?

A
  • high levels of stress hormone (cortisol) can reduce the size of the hippocampus –> affect child’s memory abilities
  • long periods of severe stress can cause a low threshold for stress –> hypersensitive to stress in the future
21
Q

What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

A

traumatic events in childhood
(ex. abuse, violence, family has substance or mental health problems, current/prior SES)

ACEs –> POOR HEALTH/WELL-BEING
(increased use of health services for physical, psychological & social health issues)

22
Q

What are the 6 important factors for a POSITIVE childhood experience?

A
  1. Housing Quality/Security
  2. Access to healthy food
  3. Positive family relationships
  4. Access to child care + early education
  5. Access to healthcare
  6. Prevention of toxic stress/ACEs (in and outside of family)
23
Q

What are the 5 components of Nurturing Care for early development?

A
  1. good health
  2. adaquate nutrition
  3. security and safety
  4. RESPONSIVE CAREGIVERS
  5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLY LEARNING
24
Q

With attachment, peer relationships and stimulating environments, children can _____________

A

be sociable with other children/adults besides their immediate family

25
Q

What are differences with licensed and non-licensed child-care?

A

Licensed:
- overseen by professional
- must pass government requirements/standards

Non-licensed:
- not overseen by anyone
- not illegal
- wouldn’t come up online when searching for child care

26
Q

Why might someone choose licensed over non-licensed child care?

A

ACCESSIBILITY –> often not a lot of licensed care available, esp. in rural areas and in urban centres with long wait lists

*also affordability reasons

27
Q

What are Family Day Homes?

A

*can either be licensed or non-licensed

Child care takes place in a family home, usually ran by a parent who is taking care of their own children

28
Q

Quality child care mitigates ____________

A

poor educational outcomes - especially for children with soci-economic disadvantages

29
Q

Longer duration in early childhood care is associated with ___________________

A

better student performance later in life

30
Q

In what ways does child care affect parents?

A
  • Current climate for working parents
    (esp. labour force participation rate of mothers)
  • Careers desirable for all parents
    (childcare is essential in order for parents to work, go to school etc. –> special concern for women being out of the workforce/in precarious work)
  • Social determinants of health
    (family income/poverty both experienced by the child/family)
31
Q

What % of children in Canada are in some sort of childcare (full or part-time)?

A

70%

32
Q

Why do we not have enough early childhood educators?

A
  • only a few get health benifits (33%)
  • 41% have no paid personal leave
  • only 17.7% have access to RRSPs/pensions from workplace
  • Avg. wage of $20/hr
33
Q

What 3 principles does play support?

A
  1. Supporting responsive relationships
  2. Opportunities to learn/develop
  3. Reducing sources of stress
34
Q

What is symbolic play?

A

the ability to imagine one object as another

35
Q

What 6 things does play support?

A
  1. Imagination/creativity
    (builds skills for future learning/problem solving)
  2. Fosters cognitive growth
    (strengthens neural connections in brain)
  3. Emotional & Behavioural benefits
    (help reduce anxiety, stress, irritability)
  4. Improves literacy
  5. Greater independence
    (solitary play is just as important –> allows children to feel more capable of tackling other tasks on their own)
  6. Physical fitness
    (children learn how their bodies work!)
36
Q

What are the 4 ingredients of outdoor play?

A
  1. Time (prioritizing time for play)
  2. Space (providing interesting spaces to play - with **natural materials)
  3. Freedom (giving them the freedom to explore their own play)
  4. Risk (letting children figure out how their body recovers after certain things)

FMST210 (8 decks)

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