Quiz 2: Slides Flashcards
What % of children in North America have siblings?
80%
What are 4 characteristics of sibling relationships?
- emotionally charged
- defined by the time spent together
- large differences in quality of relations
- age differences (issues with power/control)
Differentiate between traits of typical 1st born vs 2nd born children
1st Born:
- more likely to engage in leadership
- more self disipline
TRAITS: goal-setting achievement, responsibility, perfection, rule keeping
2nd Born:
- more likely to be a learner & ask for care/help
- more manipulative/rebellious
- uses tactics to get parental attention
TRAITS: extroverted, funny, lighthearted, creative, flexible
Describe the skills being focused on in the 3 developmental periods of childhood
0-2: trust, security, attachment
3-5: language, autonomy
5+: problem solving, social skills, individual interests
think about the ways siblings growing up in different stages may impact development
What are the family dynamics that impact sibling relationships?
- parental power and role of empathy and authority
- parents co-parenting skills
- how parents handle stress (& the resources they have to cope with it)
- structure and consistency
In general, what 4 main things affect sibling relationships?
Individual Traits + Developmental Period + Family Dynamics + Child’s disposition towards sibling
When is sibling rivalry most common?
most common with siblings of same gender and when they’re less than 2 years apart
Siblings 3-7 have about _______ conflicts per HOUR
3.5
What are the benefits of siblings?
- younger children learn faster by observing siblings
- working as a team with siblings helps them in other areas (ex. peers at school)
- long term support with care of elderly parents
- possible antidote to loneliness
- more likely to share emotions/seek solutions when children have siblings
**promote EMPATHY, PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, ACEDEMIC ACHIEVMENT
What are “serve and return” responsive relationships?
where children reach for interaction (give the serve) and caregiver “returns the serve” by speaking back, laughing, responding in any way
How many braincells are infants born with?
100 billion (unconnected)
What is pruning/sculpting
the discarding of brain cells when connections are not made with them
a natural process that happens fastest in early childhood and continues slower in adolecense
______ majorly interrupts brain development
toxic stress
What is experinced-based brain development?
that experiences shapes brain architecture
What is long reach development?
the process of early development influencing later development
What is brain placisity?
the brain’s capacity to change in response to experiences
(greatest in early years!)
What are the aspects of responsive care?
- responds to child’s own cues/signals
- recognizes both a child’s physical and emotional needs/limits
- promotes the child’s social and emotional development
What are the 11 social determinants of health?
- Income and social status
- Employment and working conditions
- Education and lieracy
- EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
- physical environments
- social supports & coping skills
- Healthy behaviours
- Access to health services
- Gender
- Culture
- Race
Describe toxic stress?
chronic, excessive stress that exceeds a child’s ability to cope, especially without supportive adults
Provide 2 ways where having high levels of severe stress affects a child’s future health outcomes?
- high levels of stress hormone (cortisol) can reduce the size of the hippocampus –> affect child’s memory abilities
- long periods of severe stress can cause a low threshold for stress –> hypersensitive to stress in the future
What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?
traumatic events in childhood
(ex. abuse, violence, family has substance or mental health problems, current/prior SES)
ACEs –> POOR HEALTH/WELL-BEING
(increased use of health services for physical, psychological & social health issues)
What are the 6 important factors for a POSITIVE childhood experience?
- Housing Quality/Security
- Access to healthy food
- Positive family relationships
- Access to child care + early education
- Access to healthcare
- Prevention of toxic stress/ACEs (in and outside of family)
What are the 5 components of Nurturing Care for early development?
- good health
- adaquate nutrition
- security and safety
- RESPONSIVE CAREGIVERS
- OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLY LEARNING
With attachment, peer relationships and stimulating environments, children can _____________
be sociable with other children/adults besides their immediate family
What are differences with licensed and non-licensed child-care?
Licensed:
- overseen by professional
- must pass government requirements/standards
Non-licensed:
- not overseen by anyone
- not illegal
- wouldn’t come up online when searching for child care
Why might someone choose licensed over non-licensed child care?
ACCESSIBILITY –> often not a lot of licensed care available, esp. in rural areas and in urban centres with long wait lists
*also affordability reasons
What are Family Day Homes?
*can either be licensed or non-licensed
Child care takes place in a family home, usually ran by a parent who is taking care of their own children
Quality child care mitigates ____________
poor educational outcomes - especially for children with soci-economic disadvantages
Longer duration in early childhood care is associated with ___________________
better student performance later in life
In what ways does child care affect parents?
- Current climate for working parents
(esp. labour force participation rate of mothers) - Careers desirable for all parents
(childcare is essential in order for parents to work, go to school etc. –> special concern for women being out of the workforce/in precarious work) - Social determinants of health
(family income/poverty both experienced by the child/family)
What % of children in Canada are in some sort of childcare (full or part-time)?
70%
Why do we not have enough early childhood educators?
- only a few get health benifits (33%)
- 41% have no paid personal leave
- only 17.7% have access to RRSPs/pensions from workplace
- Avg. wage of $20/hr
What 3 principles does play support?
- Supporting responsive relationships
- Opportunities to learn/develop
- Reducing sources of stress
What is symbolic play?
the ability to imagine one object as another
What 6 things does play support?
- Imagination/creativity
(builds skills for future learning/problem solving) - Fosters cognitive growth
(strengthens neural connections in brain) - Emotional & Behavioural benefits
(help reduce anxiety, stress, irritability) - Improves literacy
- Greater independence
(solitary play is just as important –> allows children to feel more capable of tackling other tasks on their own) - Physical fitness
(children learn how their bodies work!)
What are the 4 ingredients of outdoor play?
- Time (prioritizing time for play)
- Space (providing interesting spaces to play - with **natural materials)
- Freedom (giving them the freedom to explore their own play)
- Risk (letting children figure out how their body recovers after certain things)
