Quiz 2: Preschool Learning Module

Question 1

What ages are preschool years?

Answer 1

around 2 - 6

Question 2

The brain is 75% of adult weight at age ______ and 95% at age ______

Answer 2

75% at 2

95% at 6

Question 3

Between 3-6, the left hemisphere of brain increases activity after not being very active prior, this increase correlates with ___________________

Answer 3

a burst in LANGUAGE SKILLS

Question 4

What are exmaples of fine motor skills?

Answer 4

Ex. pouring water in a cup, drawing, colouring, using scissors

*fine motor skills start to develop during preschool years and continue into middle childhood

Question 5

When do children have all their baby teeth?

Answer 5

Around 3

Question 6

Due to a slower growth rate of preschoolers compared to infants, preschoolers have less _____________________

Answer 6

Of an appetite!

• Can surprise parents and lead to unhealthy eating habits

Question 7

What types of concepts are challenging for preschoolers to understand?

Answer 7

concepts like time, distance, size are not easy to grasp

Ex. “we will play tomorrow” = hard for them to understand vs “we will play after we sleep” = easier to understand

Question 8

Child’s vocab from 2 - 6 goes from ______ words to __________ words

Answer 8

200

10,000

Question 9

What is fast-mapping?

Answer 9

a process where words are more easily learned by making connections between new words and already known words

Question 10

What differences can learning a verb-friendly language vs a less verb-friendly language?

Answer 10

Verb-friendly languages (chinese or japanese) allow children to learn verbs faster

In less verb-friendly languages (english), children need more help with grammer and takes longer to learn how to use verbs correctly.

Question 11

When children learn grammar intuitively (not explicitly taught) what mistakes can children make?

Answer 11

1. Over-regularization: child says “I goED there” or “I dOED that” –> because they intuitively understand adding a “ed” makes something past tense
2. Private Speech: as children learn to think in words, they talk aloud before closing their mouth and continuing with “private (inner) speech”

Question 12

What does Vygotsky say about learning languages?

Answer 12

he believes that children can be helped with language learning with others who listen well, model accurate pronunciation and encourage elabortation

Question 13

What did research by Dr. John Gabrieli discover about early language development?

Answer 13

That the # of words spoken at home (that usually increases based on families education/SES) did NOT make a difference to development

The biggest contributor to development was conservational turns (talking back and forth)
^this was observed in the Broncas area

Essentially, education and SES did not have much of an effect!

Question 14

When do children know that other people have emotions?

Answer 14

At 6, children know other people have emotions and that they should be considered –> however, children are not the best at putting this knowledge into actual actions

Question 15

In order to develop a sense of self, children must ________-

Answer 15

Interact with others!

Question 16

What is Cooley’s Looking Glass Self? When is it most prominent in childhood?

Answer 16

Most prominent during preschool period (2-6)

Suggests that out self-concept comes from looking at how others respond to us –> depending on how others treat us we interpret their actions to make judgements about ourselves (ex. how pretty we are, how strong/weak, etc)

Question 17

Is the looking glass self always accurate?

Answer 17

No, not always accurate

After we form an initial self-concept we may block out certain responses that don’t align to who we think we are

Ex. not accepting/believing compliments

Question 18

What is the “I” and the “ME” in Mead’s theory of self concept?

Answer 18

“I” = part of the self that is spontaneous, creative, innate, AND NOT CONCERNED WITH HOW OTHERS VIEW US

“ME” = the SOCIAL DEFINITION of who we are

*When we are born we are all “I”, but the “ME” grows when we are able to consider how another views us

Question 19

Why do children often exaggerate their own sense of self?

Answer 19

to seek validation as the “biggest”/”strongest”/etc. as children do not know their own limits

Eventually, children learn to compare themselves to others to see that they’re “good at” and what they’re not

Question 20

____________ is an important aspect of our self-concept

Answer 20

SELF CONTROL
(response inhibition + delayed gratification)

Ex. marshmallow test

Question 21

Preschoolers are more interested in gender __________

Answer 21

IDENTITY (what it MEANS to be a boy or girl)

Eventually this gender identity develops to GENDER CONSTANCY (the understanding that superficial changes do not mean that the gender has actually changed)

Question 22

What’s an example of gender constancy development?

Answer 22

A 2 yr old does not want to put a bow in his hair because he doesn’t want to “be a girl” (gender idenitity)

—>

By age 4, the boy would now understand that putting the bow in his hair would not change his gender to a girl (gender constancy)

Question 23

When do children have firm gender role concepts?

Answer 23

around 4-5 (due to socialization!)

Question 24

How can gender stereotyping be avoided/lessened for children

Answer 24

opportunities to use different toys

caregivers allowing child to take part in non-traditional gender play

Question 25

According fo the National Centre on Parent, Family, and Community Engagement, what are the 4 stages of gender development?

Answer 25

1. Infancy
   - observe gender through adults behaviours
   - most parents respond to child in a way that correlates to the gender of the child
2. 18 - 24 Months
   - toddlers look for gender patterns at home or in early childhood centres
   - gender is a way to understand group belonging
3. 3 - 4 Years
   - children start to connect genders to different things (form stronger rules of gender behaviour)
4. 5 - 6 Years
   - the most “rigid” period of gender identity!
   - children are very aware of gender rules and the pressure to comply with them but not developed enough to know the reason behind them
   - concepts like “white lies” is hard to understand

Question 26

List the ways toy commercials gendered?

Answer 26

• more male than female characters
• gender portrayals are strict/demeaning
• girls = apperance (dolls)
• boys = power/strength (building)

GENDERED TOYS –> GENDERED CAREERS