Quiz 2: Preschool Learning Module Flashcards
What ages are preschool years?
around 2 - 6
The brain is 75% of adult weight at age ______ and 95% at age ______
75% at 2
95% at 6
Between 3-6, the left hemisphere of brain increases activity after not being very active prior, this increase correlates with ___________________
a burst in LANGUAGE SKILLS
What are exmaples of fine motor skills?
Ex. pouring water in a cup, drawing, colouring, using scissors
*fine motor skills start to develop during preschool years and continue into middle childhood
When do children have all their baby teeth?
Around 3
Due to a slower growth rate of preschoolers compared to infants, preschoolers have less _____________________
Of an appetite!
- Can surprise parents and lead to unhealthy eating habits
What types of concepts are challenging for preschoolers to understand?
concepts like time, distance, size are not easy to grasp
Ex. “we will play tomorrow” = hard for them to understand vs “we will play after we sleep” = easier to understand
Child’s vocab from 2 - 6 goes from ______ words to __________ words
200
10,000
What is fast-mapping?
a process where words are more easily learned by making connections between new words and already known words
What differences can learning a verb-friendly language vs a less verb-friendly language?
Verb-friendly languages (chinese or japanese) allow children to learn verbs faster
In less verb-friendly languages (english), children need more help with grammer and takes longer to learn how to use verbs correctly.
When children learn grammar intuitively (not explicitly taught) what mistakes can children make?
- Over-regularization: child says “I goED there” or “I dOED that” –> because they intuitively understand adding a “ed” makes something past tense
- Private Speech: as children learn to think in words, they talk aloud before closing their mouth and continuing with “private (inner) speech”
What does Vygotsky say about learning languages?
he believes that children can be helped with language learning with others who listen well, model accurate pronunciation and encourage elabortation
What did research by Dr. John Gabrieli discover about early language development?
That the # of words spoken at home (that usually increases based on families education/SES) did NOT make a difference to development
The biggest contributor to development was conservational turns (talking back and forth)
^this was observed in the Broncas area
Essentially, education and SES did not have much of an effect!
When do children know that other people have emotions?
At 6, children know other people have emotions and that they should be considered –> however, children are not the best at putting this knowledge into actual actions
In order to develop a sense of self, children must ________-
Interact with others!
What is Cooley’s Looking Glass Self? When is it most prominent in childhood?
Most prominent during preschool period (2-6)
Suggests that out self-concept comes from looking at how others respond to us –> depending on how others treat us we interpret their actions to make judgements about ourselves (ex. how pretty we are, how strong/weak, etc)
Is the looking glass self always accurate?
No, not always accurate
After we form an initial self-concept we may block out certain responses that don’t align to who we think we are
Ex. not accepting/believing compliments
What is the “I” and the “ME” in Mead’s theory of self concept?
“I” = part of the self that is spontaneous, creative, innate, AND NOT CONCERNED WITH HOW OTHERS VIEW US
“ME” = the SOCIAL DEFINITION of who we are
*When we are born we are all “I”, but the “ME” grows when we are able to consider how another views us
Why do children often exaggerate their own sense of self?
to seek validation as the “biggest”/”strongest”/etc. as children do not know their own limits
Eventually, children learn to compare themselves to others to see that they’re “good at” and what they’re not
____________ is an important aspect of our self-concept
SELF CONTROL
(response inhibition + delayed gratification)
Ex. marshmallow test
Preschoolers are more interested in gender __________
IDENTITY (what it MEANS to be a boy or girl)
Eventually this gender identity develops to GENDER CONSTANCY (the understanding that superficial changes do not mean that the gender has actually changed)
What’s an example of gender constancy development?
A 2 yr old does not want to put a bow in his hair because he doesn’t want to “be a girl” (gender idenitity)
—>
By age 4, the boy would now understand that putting the bow in his hair would not change his gender to a girl (gender constancy)
When do children have firm gender role concepts?
around 4-5 (due to socialization!)
How can gender stereotyping be avoided/lessened for children
opportunities to use different toys
caregivers allowing child to take part in non-traditional gender play
According fo the National Centre on Parent, Family, and Community Engagement, what are the 4 stages of gender development?
- Infancy
- observe gender through adults behaviours
- most parents respond to child in a way that correlates to the gender of the child - 18 - 24 Months
- toddlers look for gender patterns at home or in early childhood centres
- gender is a way to understand group belonging - 3 - 4 Years
- children start to connect genders to different things (form stronger rules of gender behaviour) - 5 - 6 Years
- the most “rigid” period of gender identity!
- children are very aware of gender rules and the pressure to comply with them but not developed enough to know the reason behind them
- concepts like “white lies” is hard to understand
List the ways toy commercials gendered?
- more male than female characters
- gender portrayals are strict/demeaning
- girls = apperance (dolls)
- boys = power/strength (building)
GENDERED TOYS –> GENDERED CAREERS
