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FMST210 > Quiz 2: Infancy Learning Module > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Infancy Learning Module Flashcards

1
Q

At what age will infants heads grow fastest?

A

During the first 4 months
(due to rapid brain growth)

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1
Q

What is the average birth weight of infants?

A

3.5kg (7.5 lbs)

2.5kg - 4.5kg is considered normal

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2
Q

List the different % of a babies head to body length at different ages

A

In the womb: head is 50% of total body length

At birth: head is 25% of total body length

Adults: head is 15% of total body length

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3
Q

What is the poorest developed sense at birth?

A

VISION
(we can see more detail at around 2-3 months)

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4
Q

What is the best developed sense at birth?

A

HEARING

At one month, babies can distinguish familiar sounds

Babies prefer human voices just after a few days and prefer mothers voice > strangers

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5
Q

Newborns loose about _____oz in first 4-5 days, but regain it by _______ days old.

A

8oz

10-12

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6
Q

How are measurements of babies expressed?

A

expressed as a percentile from 0 -100 that compares each baby to other babies of same age

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7
Q

What type of taste do newborns tend to prefer?

A

Have sweet preferences

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8
Q

What are infants sleep cycles like?

A

Half of an infants sleep is REM

Sleep starts with REM, not non-REM sleep

**They move through sleep cycle more quickly than adults

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9
Q

How is touch important for babies?

A

Touch is essential to baby’s growth of physical abilities, languages, cognitive skills, and soci-emotional competency

gentle touch = positively powerful!

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10
Q

How do basic motor skills develop?

A

Through REFLEXES

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11
Q

What are the 4 main reflexes?

A
  1. breathing reflex (needed to maintain oxygen - ex. hiccups, sneezing, etc.)
  2. Maintain body temp (ex. crying or shivering)
  3. Sucking reflex
  4. Rooting reflex
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12
Q

What is the average length of full-term babies at birth?

A

20 inches (51 cm)

46 - 56cm is normal range

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13
Q

What are some benefits of breastfeeding?

A
  1. High nutritional makeup of COLOSTRUM
  2. Breast milk changes by 3rd or 5th day to be thinner that contains all the right things to support development
  3. It’s free!
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14
Q

Are women in Canada or the US more likely to breastfeed?

A

Women in CANADA are more likely to breastfeed

*Canadian health recommendation is breastfeeding till 2 years

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15
Q

Breastfed and bottle-fed infants adjust _________

A

EQUALLY AS WELL (fed is best!)

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16
Q

List situations where breastfeeding is not an option for women?

A
  • biological mother has transmissible disease
  • mother takes medication that can harm baby
  • infant was born/adopted into a family with 2 fathers and no surrogate to breastfeed
  • mother does not make enough breastmilk
  • process simply does not work for mom or baby
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17
Q

Piaget describes development in infancy as ______________

A

sensorimotor

Stage based on direct physical contact where senses and motor skills to taste, feel, hear, and move are used.

**these sensory abilities provide the foundation for cognitive skills

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18
Q

How many substages in sensorimotor stage?

A

6

19
Q

Describe the 1st substage of sensorimotor stage

A

BIRTH - 1 MONTH (newborns)

  • reflexes are used (sucking, grasping, orienting)
20
Q

Describe the 2nd substage of sensorimotor stage

A

1 - 4 MONTHS

  • exploratory stage
  • sensorimotor schemes become refined/cordinated and there’s a greater range of actions
  • Primary Circular Reactions (ex. sucking thumb, habitual utterances, being a jumper - flexing legs)
21
Q

Describe the 3rd substage of sensorimotor stage

A

4 - 8 MONTHS

  • Secondary Circular Reactions (ex. dropping and throwing schemes, hitting a hanging toy and noticing it moves, cooing and mom smiles)
  • At this stage, infant actions are NOT INTENTIONAL and infant think that they’e separate from the rest of the world
22
Q

Describe the 4th substage of sensorimotor stage

A

8 - 12 MONTHS

  • intentional behaviour!
  • goal oriented behaviour
  • coordinated schemes
  • start to develop object permanence (not fully)
23
Q

Describe the 5th substage of sensorimotor stage

A

12 - 18 MONTHS

  • Tertiary Circular Reactions (experimenting, searching, imitation)

**Solve A not B error occurs here

24
Q

Describe the 6th substage of sensorimotor stage

A

18 - 24 MONTHS

  • Mental representations (hold things in mind)
  • Solve advanced object permanence problems (ex. invisible experiment)
  • Make believe play
  • Deferred Imitation (imitation of a model that was observed in the past)
25
Q

What is object permanence?

A

the understanding that even if something is out of sight, it continues to exist

**introduced during substage 4 (about 8 months), but some evidence shows that it develops much earlier (about 4 months)

26
Q

What do infants do when they’re puzzled/confused

A

they look at the thing longer

(how we can understand object permanence in stages)

27
Q

Piaget underestimated ___________ ability in infants

A

MEMORY

28
Q

What are infants memories like in the 1st weeks, the first 3 months, and at 9 months?

A

1st weeks: infants recognize caregivers scent, face and voice

In 3 months: motor memories

At 9 months: complex memories (including language)

29
Q

Why do infants not remember the memories they made when they are adults?

A

Explained due to the lack of linguistic skills in infants/toddlers that limits them to represent events mentally

30
Q

When do children start to learn about language?

A

Even before they’re born!

31
Q

How is language represented in infants younger than 6 months?

A

COOING (vowel sounds - “oooo”)

32
Q

How is language represented in infants between 6-9 months?

A

BABBLING (repeat certain sounds)

33
Q

How is language represented in infants at 10 months?

A

Infants can understand more than they can say
(follow a convo more easily than contributing to it - much like when you’re learning a second language)

34
Q

What are the 2 EMOTIONAL responses at birth?

A
  1. Attraction (show attraction to pleasant situations)
  2. Withdrawal (withdraw from unpleasant situations - ex. bitter flavours, physical discomfort)
35
Q

What is social smiling? When does this happen?

A

happens at 2 months

where infants respond with smiles to those who engage their favorable attention

36
Q

At what age is pleasure in infants expressed as laughter?

A

3 - 5 months

37
Q

Displeasure becomes more specific to fear, sadness, anger, etc at what age in infancy?

A

6 - 8 months

*some suggest they experience jealousy at 6 months

38
Q

What is co-regulation?

A

Children and parents change their reactions to others based on cues from eachother

39
Q

What does stranger wariness indicate in infants?

A

That their brain development has increased

Infants now have the memory to separate the people they know and don’t know

40
Q

When does seperation anxiety start and peak?

A

Starts at 7-8 months, peaks at 14 months, then decreases

41
Q

What’s the difference between emotions regulatING and emotions are regulatED?

A

RegulatING:
refers to changes that are elicited by activated emotions (ex. child’s sadness is elicting change in parent response)

RegulatED:
process where the activated emotion is itself changed by the deliberate actions taken by the self (ex. self soothing, distraction, comfort from eachother)

42
Q

Caregivers who recognize emotional needs of infants tend to have children that are ___________

A
  • better at emotional regulation
  • less fearful/fussy
  • easier to soothe
  • explore the world around them
  • have enhanced social skills in toddler/preschool years
43
Q

List the 5 stages of self awareness development

A

Stage 1: Differentiation (from birth)
- Able to differentiate the self from non-self
- Ex. infants bring themselves into contact with an object by reaching

Stage 2: Situation (2 months)
- infants can situate themselves in relation to a model
- ex. able to imitate tongue orientation from model

Stage 3: Identification (2 years)
- “self awareness” starts to develop - can recognize themselves in a mirror (*rough technique) and use language to refer to themselves

Stage 4: Permanence
- occurs after infancy - children aware that their sense of sense continues to exist across time and space

Stage 5: Self Consciousness
- children can see themselves in person/how they are perceived by others
- Understand social emotions (guilt, pride, shame, etc.) better

44
Q
A

FMST210 (8 decks)

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