Quiz 2- Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards
What is bipolar spectrum disorder?
- Symptoms are episodic with intervals of depression and mania, interspersed with periods of remission when clients may be symptom free
- Occurs 1-2% of population
- higher morbidity and mortality rate than depression
When does bipolar usually onset?
young adulthood
first episode 15-19 y.o
What are the typical S/S of bipolar in children and adolescents?
- irritability
- explosive anger
- agitation
- antisocial activity
- extreme risk-taking behaviors
- S/S more typically chronic than episodic in the age group
Describe the mania episode.
Can be manic or hypomanic
1) Mania: elevated or extremely high mood that is beyond happy and often accompanied by an irritable mood and irrational thoughts
- elevated mood must last 1 week or be sever to warrant hospitalization
- more than just extremely happy, progresses to state of expansive and chaotic thinking and poor judgement
- considered “out of control”
2) Hypomania: not as severe as true mania, enjoy the “high” and can be very productive to to creativity and high energy
- productive state does not last
- can escalate to full manic = judgement and cognitive ability deteriorate
What are the cognitive S/S for mania?
- inflated feelings of importance or grandiosity with delusions
- invulnerability
- decreased ability to assess risks- physical, social, financial
What are the physiological S/S for mania?
- Decreased need for sleep
- Extremely high energy levels
- loss of perceived need to eat or drink
What are the mood/emotion S/S for mania?
- elevated, expansive mood, excited
- Feeling “high” - I can accomplish anything
- Agitated, irritable, angry
What are the behavioral S/S for mania?
- May be hostile, aggressive, or belligerent
- Rapid, incessant talking (pressured speech)
- Creative, flight of ideas
- Engages in dangerous behaviors, without regard to safety
- Hypersexualtiy
- “out of control:
What are the appraisal problems with mania?
- unrealistic appraisals of capacities and limitations
- Lacks safety awareness- frequently engages in extremely high-risk behaviors
What are the anxiety disorders?
1) Generalized anxiety disorders
2) Social and other Phobias
3) Panic Disorders
4) PTSD
5) Conversion Disorder
What is Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- Can be present all the time or episodic
- Persistently high level of tension, with pervasive feelings of anxiety and apprehension, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, sleep disturbances, and feelings of overarousal
- aka “the worried well”
- difficult to diagnose because pt recall is inaccurate
- may cling to the provider emotionally, may be rigid or manipulaitve
- fear losing control
Describe social and other phobias
- Usually specific phobias trigger anxiety symptoms to appear or worsen
- Fear occurs when triggering event present, it is intense and not under voluntary control
- Extreme cases can cause severe morbidity that is significant as that which occurs with Serious and Persistent Mental Illness (SPMI)
What is a panic disorder?
A sudden, uncued, and intense feeling of anxiety
- SNS cascade causes sudden and intense “fight or flight” response
- Symptoms: palpitations, hyperventilation, SOB
- feelings of going insane or will die
- can be brief in duration (not usually longer than 10 min)
What is the criteria for diagnosing a panic disorder?
At least 4 of the following during the episode:
- pounding heart
- sweating
- trembling
- choking or other smothering sensations
- chest pain
- nausea
- dizziness
- denationalization
- fear of losing control
- fear of dying
- numbness or tingling
- hot and cold flashes
What can panic disorder be associated with?
- anicipaotry anxiety caused by fear of having a panic attack
- other specific phobias such as where the panic attack occured
- can lead to agoraphobia- perceives environment to be unsafe
