Quiz 1- Ch 1 & 2

Question 1

Define beneficence

Answer 1

health care practitioners do whatever is in the best interest of their clients

• do good
• provide benefit

Question 2

Define non-maleficence:

Answer 2

requires provider do no harm

Question 3

How do beneficence and non-maleficence relate?

Answer 3

• consider these two simultaneous because there is always a risk of harm when helping clients
• harm not always unavoidable, minimize it
• benefits must outweigh the risks of harm
• must honor autonomy to honor beneficence and non-maleficence

Question 4

What are the types of justice?

Answer 4

Rights-based justice
Legal justice
Distributive justice

Question 5

Define justice

Answer 5

ethical obligation to be fair

Question 6

What is right-based justice?

Answer 6

obligation providers have to respect client rights

-stem from legal and ethical principles

Question 7

What is legal justice?

Answer 7

providers must honor morally acceptable laws

• providers must observe all legal guidelines for practice, with exception of laws that entitle clients to services that are morally objectionable to the provider
  ex: provider can deny abortion or euthanasia if conflicts with clinician’s personal values. They must refer to someone who will provide the services

Question 8

What is distributive justice?

Answer 8

distribution of scarce resources

• requires resources to be distributed responsibly
• society has responsibility to provide care for poor, less educated, and racial or ethnic minorities who have disproportional burdens of morbidity and mortality

Question 9

Define autonomy

Answer 9

pt has the right to make decisions for self (self determination)

Question 10

Provide an example of autonomy

Answer 10

1) Calls for client-provider relationship based on trust, respect, truthfulness, information sharing, and confidentiality
2) Informed consent stems from autonomy
3) Ex: client’s right to request any diagnostic treatment option that they believe might be helpful
ex. asking for full disclosure about their condition and treatment options
ex: allows patient to choose their medical care

Question 11

Describe the issues to provide autonomy

Answer 11

1) clients must be informed in a language they understand (lay terms and their primary language)
2) all risks and benefits must be outlined
3) any and all reasonable alternatives must be discussed
4) clients must sign a statement that indicates their understanding and acceptance of the treatment
- the right can be waived in certain situations: ex: client brought to ER in unconscious state, or parents refuses lifesaving treatment for a child based on religious beliefs

Question 12

What are issues surrounding autonomy?

Answer 12

• physician assisted suicide
• advanced directives
• euthanasia

Question 13

What are attitudinal barriers? (in health care)

Answer 13

• past experiences
• mistrust of healthcare professionals and institutions
• perception sand acts of discrimination
  ex: people of different races get less adequate and less intensive health care

Question 14

What are common biases?

Answer 14

• gender bias
• ageism
• HIV/AIDS
• mental illness
• obesity
• drug and alcohol addictions
• disability

Question 15

What is gender bias?

Answer 15

• different services/level of care based on gender

Question 16

What is ageism?

Answer 16

• bias against older populations
• view age as negative
• assume chronological age = biological age; not true
• older clients not offered same medical treatment as younger clients

Question 17

What is HIV/AIDS bias?

Answer 17

• prejudice and discrimmination at people with HIV/AIDS
• keeps people with HIV from seeking healthcare
• careful when asking how the patient got infected, do you really need to know? curiosity about lifestyle or will the info help you better educate?

Question 18

What is mental illness bias?

Answer 18

• severly stigmatized
• poses real barriers to diagnosis, treatment, and social integration
• stigma based on lack of education
• mental illness diagnosis leads to feelings of shame for individual and family
• others blame individual
• barrier for social inclusion and proper mental health care

Question 19

What is obesity bias?

Answer 19

• causes individuals to develop symptoms of depression, body image distress, decreased self-esteem, and lack of self acceptance
• obesity- chronic disease affected by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors
• need to understand how personal lifestyle choices may affect one’s ability to relate to clients

Question 20

What is drug and alcohol addictions?

Answer 20

• clients perceived as out of control, self-indulgent, and having self inflicted problems
• derogatory comments lead to clients’ hiding their problems and result in depression, self criticism, and possibly a return to or accelerated use of drugs or alcohol to escape negative feelings

Question 21

What is disability bias?

Answer 21

considered out of the ordinary

• don’t expect them to have a happy life
• people try to hide disability, can increase stress which can impact health
• afraid of being pittied by people without diabilites