Quiz 1- Ch 3 & 4 Flashcards
Define acculturation
Process through which people in subcultures adopt traits of the larger or normative culture
How does acculturation contribute to personal identity in a culture?
-Can lead to a person having bicultures
Example: chinese spends time in america, mother says daughter is not a chinese daughter anymore due to her actions; demonstrates a hybrid
Define assimilation
The arriving group is totally absorbed into the dominant society. Their original culture is overridden by the dominant gorup
How does assimilation contribute to personal identity in a culture?
- personal identity completely changed to dominant society culture
- Most likely to occur when individuals are not physically different from the majority culture and little educational or physical segregation
Define biculturism
indiviudals who have strong connections to both ethe original culture and the majority culture
Ex: dress and speak like majority culture in public, at home speak original language and eat original culture food
Rate of acculturation depends on
- age- younger acculturate more quickly than older people
- length of time in new culture
- place of residence (living with people from native culture or the majority culture)
- language spoken at home
- amount of contact with the country of origin
What are the dimensions of worldview?
1) social organization and relationships
2) time orientation
3) activity orientation and levels of environmental control
4) use of space
5) communication between people
What is social organization and relationships?
Individualistic cultures: -privacy, self-achievement, -autonomy, -independence, -equality Collectivist: -group welfare, -harmony, -heirarchy
What is time orientation?
Individualistic: -future oriented, -precise time is important, -plans are made, appointments are kept Collectivist: -past or present oriented, -respect for elders, -"lose" control of time
What is activity orientation/environmental control?
Individualistic: -personal control over the environment and outcomes -doing, working, achieving -taking self charge -self-help -competition Collectivist: -fate -Just "being" -human interactions dominate -cooperation -harmony with others and nature
What is use of space?
-ways culture use the body and regard visual, territorial, and interpersonal distance to others
Ex: personal boundaries- gentleman who practices Islam and women provider
-territorial space- larger area that is occupied or defended by a group or about which that group holds strong emotional ties
-Personal space- space immediately surrounding the body. Ex: intimate zone less than 18 inches in America, other cultures more and some less
What is communication?
Individualistic: -high context -direct -high eye contact -informal Collectivist: -low context -indirect -low eye contact -formal
What cultures are more collectivist?
Latino
African Americans
Asian
Native Americans
What cultures are more individualistic?
Mainstream American
Anglo-European
What is ethnocentrism?
Belief in the superiority of one’s culture or ethnic group
- belief that your worldview and cultural practices are “correct”–>makes others inferior and less worthy of respect
- Creates barriers when establishing relationships with those from other cultures whose beliefs or actions are perceived as odd, unacceptable, or even repugnant
- can impact who individuals see for health care or if they seek out health care at all
What are health disparities?
Poverty and minority status play significant role in determining who will get sick and how they will respond when they become ill
Describe common health disparities?
-more poverty seen in African american, Latinos, and other minorities vs Caucasian
-increased health desparities bc:
difficulty with language/lack common language
long waits at the doctor’s office
no insurance or difficulty paying for care
transportation issues
What are ways health providers’ lack of cultural competence impact health outcomes?
- clients lack trust in health care system
- health providers lack knowledge and skills, including cultural awareness, knowledge, of cleints’ beliefs and values, and how to perform a cultural assessment
- providers are unable to acknowledge and respect clients’ spiritual, cultural, and health beliefs
- Providers who lack cultural competence have an inability to establish effective relationships with clients
- Providers fail to provide appropriate and acceptable care for clients with diverse health beliefs
- communication between clients and providers is ineffective
- The number of interpreters is insufficient
What can happen when health disparities present?
-client can feel embarassed
-provider can be seen as insulting or discriminatory
-withdrawal from the health provider
-nonadherance with treatment
NEED TRUST between the patient and provider
What are the health benefits found in adults who practice spiritual beliefs?
- Significantly reduced BP
- Stronger immune systems
- Fewer health problems
- Fewer hospitalizations
- Shorter length of stay when hospitalized
- Stronger social support systems
- Stronger family ties
- Stronger and healthier marriages
- Stronger sense of well-being and acceptance
- Lower rates of depression
Where does the connection between mind body and spirit exist?
Limbic system- deep in brain, at level of midbrain and brainstem
-responsible for physical and emotional survival
What are some interventions capable of reducing stress and the associated immunosuppressive substances that accompany the stress response?
- psychotherapy for PTSD
- mindfulness meditation to increase rate of healing skin lesions associated with psoriasis
- regular participation in a spiritual community
- routine practice of meditation or prayer
- administration of client-controlled pain medication to decrease healing time following surgery
How does the limbic system contribute to memory and cognition?
- stores memories with a social or emotional connection
- monitors incoming info and “decides” what to remember
- compares incoming info and previous info and “decides” how to respond
- provides motivation for action
How does the limbic system contribute to emotions, mood, and social settings?
- regulates emotional state and mood
- organizes social behaviors
- facilitates self-concept and self-esteem
- Develops attitudes and opinions about the external world
How does the limbic system impact autonomic system?
- HR, BP, and breathing
- Hunger, thirst, digestion, elimination, fluid regulation
- Temperature regulation, sweating
- Attention, arousal, alertness, focus, concentration
- Muscle tone, posture, readiness to act
- controls levels of sensory stimulation allowed
What can stimulate the SNS?
perceived stress, threat, or danger
-healthy state is when SNS and PNS are balanced
