Quiz 2- Coping Strategies

Question 1

What is the definition of coping?

Answer 1

the thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of a situations that are appraised as stressful

Question 2

How do you cope optimally?

Answer 2

accept the loss
grieve the loss
learn to adapt to the changes

Question 3

What are some of the adaptive coping methods?

Answer 3

These are healthier and more successful:

• dealing with the problems
• being realistic in the assessment of stress and coping
• identifying and confronting unhealthy emotional responses to stress
• controlling, to the degree possible, detrimental behaviors

Question 4

What are the three steps of the coping process (phases?)?

Answer 4

1) (aka primary appraisal) person evaluates the stress ie “Am I in trouble?”
2) (aka secondary appraisal) person contemplates ways of coping (ie “what, if anything, can I do about it?)
3) (aka tertiary appraisal) coping options are put into action
coping strategies were either problem focused (focused on action) and emotion focused (focused on feelings and reduced emotional distress)

Question 5

What are the three models for coping strategies?

Answer 5

Appraisal-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping

Question 6

What is appraisal-focused coping?

Answer 6

Examining or reframing situations to assess the meaning associated with a crisis

• Strategies include examining one’s values, considering the meaning of life, and reassessing spiritual or religious beliefs
• Look for the meaning in what happened: identify negative understandings and reinterpret them into positive meanings
• can also include denial or avoidance

Question 7

What is problem focused coping?

Answer 7

Emphasizes the practical aspects of a situation, and is directed at solving the problem at hand and altering situations that clients view as controllable or amenable to change

• first identify problem, then consider options for action, then action selected and implemented
• looks at pros and cons of each solution to the problem
• excessive intellectualization of problem can be maladaptive
• developing alternative measures of satisfaction or success is an aspect of problem focused coping

Question 8

What is emotion-focused coping?

Answer 8

Involves managing

• the emotions associated with a critical situation
• used to reduce emotional distress and make life less overwhelming
• best when clients have little control over the situation
• decrease the emotion around the problem but don’t solve the problem
• can help individuals control emotion during crisis (affective regulation)
• emotional discharge (releasing suppressed feelings) is a facet of this coping mechanism
• resigned acceptance- person accepts reality as it is perceived and believes there is nothing that can change it

Question 9

What is the definition of neglect?

Answer 9

failure to adequately provide for and individual’s physical, medical, financial, or psychological needs and may be intentional or untintional
Ex: failure to feed hungry child, give an older person medication or provide transportation to scheduled doctors appointments

Question 10

What is the definition of abuse?

Answer 10

definition can vary by state
in general: physical, psychological, sexual, or material mistreatment or neglect of an individual that causes harm
*the situation turns neglect into abuse, person who is at the mercy of someone he/she should be able to trust is hurt or exploited by the caretaker

Question 11

What are the four areas where abuse/neglect can occur?

Answer 11

physical
psychological
financial
sexual 
*or any comination

Question 12

What are examples of psychological abuse?

Answer 12

name calling
shaming
bullying
embarrassment
threats
to the individual, their pets, or friend or family member

Question 13

What are examples of physical abuse?

Answer 13

hitting
kicking
shaking
burning
otherwise exerting force to injure a victim
Symptoms: unexplained physical injures, burns, cuts, bruises, TBI, and excessive stress

Question 14

What are examples of sexual abuse?

Answer 14

forcing someone to take part in a sexcal act without his/her consent

Question 15

What are examples of financial abuse?

Answer 15

stealing or misusing an individual’s money, property, or assets
forging someone’s signature
using a person’s property without permission

Question 16

What drives abuse?

Answer 16

power and control

Question 17

What are the categories of abuse?

Answer 17

Child abuse (maltreatment)
intimate partner violence (teen, adult)
Elder abuse
Abuse of individuals with disabilities

Question 18

What is child abuse (maltreatment)?

Answer 18

neglect is the most common type of child maltreatment
Child neglect: hunger, poor hygiene, lack of appropriate supervision, unattended physical problems or medical needs, unexplained injuries, and clothing inappropriate for weather conditions
-abuse usually occurs from family member who reacts inappropriately

Question 19

What is intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Answer 19

aka domestic violence
occurs between two people in a close relationship, occurs in teens/adult, homo/heterosexual, current/former spouses and partners.
-often begins emotional abuse and escalates to battering, resulting in physical or sexual assault and even death

Question 20

What is teen intimate partner violence?

Answer 20

childhood abuse is most common factor associated with partner abuse
occurs in all types of relationships across all spectrum
-need early detection, prevention, and intervention

Question 21

What is adult intimate partner violence?

Answer 21

Women > men

• can involve: isolation, threats, intimidation, blaming, or using children to control a spouse
• damages family and social relationships
• Signs: frequent injuries that they claim were accidental, may have decreased self-esteem, be depressed or anxious, have headaches and chronic pain, GI and gynecological symptoms

Question 22

What is elder abuse?

Answer 22

any intended or careless action that results in harm or serious risk of harm to an older person, usually identified as anyone over 60 y.o.

• physical least common form of elder abuse
• can be difficult to filter between normal aging and abuse
• Signs: slap marks, burns, withdrawal from normal activities, bruises around breast or genital areas, sudden changes in finances, untreated bed sores, lack of medical or dental care, poor hygiene, and unclean clothing
• Alerting findings: bruises 5 cm or greater on the head, neck, lateral arm, or posterior torso
• most frequently spouse or adult child who is caring for and living with the individual
• usually takes place in home, but can occur in facilities
• Education pamphlets, providing helpful resources, should be left with the older person for future reference if they deny assistance with abusive situation

Question 23

What is abuse of individuals with disabilities?

Answer 23

includes physical, sexual, emotional, and financial abuse as well as neglect and manipulation of medications

Question 24

Are HCP’s mandatory reporters of abuse?

Answer 24

Child abuse- all HCP’s mandatory reporters

Elder abuse state determines, but usually yes

Question 25

What can HCP’s do to help identify cases of abuse?

Answer 25

Ask about origin of injuries? Press a little more if needed

• Be vigilant about observing bruises, burns, and other unexplained or atypeical injuries suggestive of abuse
• Other indicators: malnutrition, dehydration, and poor hygiene
• Medical neglect: failure to administer medications, provide wound care, or frequently change a client’s position

Question 26

What do HCP’s do if abuse suspected?

Answer 26

• create safe environment where one can open a dialogue with the client
• listen to client responses carefully, accurately and with great detail document the conversation
• interview client and caregivers separately
• good communication skills are of utmost importance to develop rapport and trust