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integrative seminar > quiz 2 book > Flashcards

quiz 2 book Flashcards

1
Q

3 concerns of people selling drugs

A
  1. toxicity: drug dealers can be endangering people by selling dangerous chemicals without labeling them or putting warnings on them
  2. addiction: some sellers can victimizing and jeopardize their health by selling them
  3. crime: drug users can be seen as a threat to public safety attitude became widespread that addictive individuals would commit crimes
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2
Q

chronic drug use

A

results from long term exposure and can be present whether or not it is in their system or not

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3
Q

acute

A

short term use or effects of the drug in a single administration

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4
Q

behavioral toxicity

A

refers to the fact that a drug can be toxic because it impairs behaviors and amplifies the danger level of many activities
-ex, effect on alcohol on driving

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5
Q

opiods

A

codeine, heroin, hydrocodone, morphine, methadone, oxycodone and fentanyl

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6
Q

synthetic opioids

A

fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and tramadol

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7
Q

issue with single overdose death involving multi drugs

A

it can be counted as more than one death leading to overstatement

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8
Q

what diseases are transmitted through sharing needles

A

HIV, AIDS, Hep B, hep C

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9
Q

social determinants of health

A

conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that shape their health

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10
Q

harm reduction approach

A

this approach recognizes that despite efforts to control drug use there will still be users and others
-ex. underage drinking in college, we know its wrong but we continue to do it and the school cant stop it so they just teach us be safe

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11
Q

tolerance

A

repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug results in a lesser effect

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12
Q

physical dependence

A

the presence of a consistent set of symptoms when the use of a drug is stopped

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13
Q

withdrawal syndrome

A

a set of symptoms that occur reliably when someone stops taking a drug; also called abstinence syndrome

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14
Q

psychological dependence

A

indicated by a high rate of drug use, craving for the drug and tendency of relapse after stopping use

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15
Q

psychiatric diagnosis of substance use disorders- least 2 of the following occurring in 12 months

A
  1. substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than it was intended
  2. there is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
  3. a great deal of time is spent on activities necessary to obtain the substance
  4. craving or a strong desire or urge to use the substance
  5. recurrent substance use failing to fulfill major role obligations
  6. continued substance uses despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused by exacerbated by the effects of the substance
  7. important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced
  8. recurrent substance use in physically hazardous situations
  9. substance use is continued despite knowing or having recurrent psychological problems that are likely to have been caused
  10. tolerance
  11. withdrawal, manifested as the characteristics withdrawal syndrome for the substance or the substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
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16
Q

personality

A

a complex set of attributes and attitudes that develop over time, partly as a result of particular experiences

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17
Q

what traits are associated with greater risk for abuse of stimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine

A

sensation-seeking and impulsivity

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18
Q

biopsychosocial perspective of drug addiction

A

addiction might be related to dysfunction of biology, personality, social interactions

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19
Q

what does psychedelic PCP do

A

disorientation and blocks pain

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20
Q

drugs may cause crimes

A
  1. crimes carried out to obtain money
  2. A person is under influence of drugs
  3. drugs change the individual’s personality in a lasting way
  4. illict drug use is a crime - represents the top reason people are arrested in the US
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21
Q

1906 pure food and drugs act prohibited

A

prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or delirious foods, drugs or medicines and liquors

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22
Q

meat inspection act

A

banned the sale of adulterer or misbranded meat and meat products and it required livestock to be slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

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23
Q

1914 Harrison Narcotics Act

A

taxed and regulation the production, importation and distribution of opium and coca products

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24
Q

where was the 1914 harrison narcotics act administered through

A

treasury department

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25
Q

where was the meat inspection act administered through

A

department of agriculture

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26
Q

when was prohibition ratified

A

1918

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27
Q

what was the period between 1890 and 1920 called

A

the nadir

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28
Q

patent medicines

A

proprietary medicines, originally medicines that were treated as inventions and patents in great britian = later came to refer to medicines sold directly to the public

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29
Q

great American fraud

A

colliers magazine culminated aggressive series titled “great American fraud”

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30
Q

who made coca cola

A

John Pemberton when they prohibited alcohol and he changed the ingredients to sugar syrup and carbonated water
- cocaine was the main ingredient

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31
Q

meat inspection act

A

banned the sale of adulterer or misbranded meat and meat products and it required livestock to be slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

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32
Q

1938 food, drug, and cometic act

A

federal law that now recognized a difference between drugs that could sold over the counter and prescription-only drugs

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33
Q

what did the 1938 food, drug, and cosmetic act change

A

changed the role of the FDA from testing and challenging some of the drugs already being sold to that of a gatekeeper, which must review every drug before its market
2. requires companies to conduct safety research before marketing a new drug greatly reduced the likelihood of the new drugs being introduced by small companies run by untrained people

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34
Q

1962 kefauver harris amendement

A

added requirements that companies seek approval for any testing to be done with humans before clinical trials are conducted

35
Q

FDA 1 phase of clinical investigation

A
  1. encompasses uncontrolled studies that test the new drug in health research
    - researchers are interested in learning how the drug work in the human body and the side effects of certain dosages
    - takes several months to complete
36
Q

FDA 2 phase of clinical investigation

A

involves patients who have the condition the candidate drug that is designed to treat
- provides additional safety information
- takes 2 studies take several months to 2 years to complete

37
Q

3rd phase of FDA clinical investigation

A

administers the drugs to larger numbers of individuals afflicted with the disease for which the drug is intended
- designed to determine whether the drug offers a treatment benefit to the target population
- takes 1 to 4 years to compete - only 25% make it to this stage

38
Q

prescription drug user fee act

A

law authorized the FDA to collect fees from pharmaceutical companies upon submitting a new drug application

39
Q

orphan drug act

A

this law created incentives for developing medications to treat rare disease

40
Q

fast track FDA

A

the fda can approve medications to treat serious conditions and illnesses with no current treatment on the basis of phase two studies alone

41
Q

priority review

A

fda commits to reviewing new priority drug applications within 6 months

42
Q

accelerated approval

A

program that allows for the approval of drugs - used to treat serious conditions whose treatment is not adequately addressed by existing therapies

43
Q

breakthrough therapy

A

a program intended to expedite the approval of drugs that demonstrates substantial improvement over current treatments

44
Q

schedule 1 drugs

A

physicians are not allowed to prescribe these drugs
- high potential for abuse
- lack of accepted safety for use under medical superivison
- heroin, marijuana, ecstasy

45
Q

what schedule is the most restrictive

A

schedule 1

46
Q

which schedules are are available by prescription

A

2-5

47
Q

schedule 2

A

currently accepted medical use, abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
- morphine, cocaine, methamphetamine

48
Q

schedule 3

A

less potential for abuse, accepted medical use, abuse may lead to moderate physical dependence
- anabolic steroids

49
Q

schedule 4

A

low potential for abuse, accepted medical abuse, less potential for dependence
- ambien, xanax

50
Q

schedule 5

A

lowest potential for abuse, less potential for dependence
- mixtures small amounts of codeine or opium

51
Q

what chemical signals are in the body are important for maintaining homeostasis

A

hormones and neurotransmitters

52
Q

what system is damaged in Parkinsons disease

A

leading to muscular rigidity and tremors

53
Q

is the neurotransmitter GABA inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory

54
Q

first pass metabolism

A

phenomenon whereby the concentration of an orally administered drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic blood circulation

55
Q

only lipid-soluble substances can pass through the ___

A

capillary wall

56
Q

drug disposition tolerance

A

use of a drug increases the drugs rates of metabolism or excretion

57
Q

behavioral tolerance

A

the drug may continue to have the same biochemical effect but with a reduced effect on behavior

58
Q

pharmacodynamic tolerance

A

leads to not only a reduced effectiveness of the drug but also to withdrawal reactions

59
Q

cell body

A

contains the processes that maintain the life of a neuron

60
Q

dendrites

A

main mechanism through which incoming signals from other neurons are recieved

61
Q

axon

A

specializes in transmitting signals to other neurons

62
Q

axon terminals

A

located at the end of the bulbous structures

63
Q

whee are neurotransmitters sotred

A

in terminals in small round packages known as synaptic vesicles

64
Q

myelin

A

white fatty substance that is wrapped around the axons of some neurons to form a myelin sheath which increases the information processing speed of these neurons

65
Q

ions channels

A

allows electrically charge particles called ions to move inside a cell

66
Q

more K ___ cell and more NA and CL ___

A

inside, outside

67
Q

somatic system

A

peripheral nerves carry sensory information into the central nervous system and carry motor info back out

68
Q

acetylcholine

A

receptors that excite the muscle

69
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates the visceral or involuntary functions of the body such as heart rate and blood pressure
-splits into parasympathetic and sympathetic

70
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest
-acetylcholine neurotransmitter is at the end organ

71
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight
- norepinephrine is neurotransmitter at the end of the organ

72
Q

what is Ldopa used for

A

fast acting dopamine that relieves parkinsons syndrome

73
Q

does GABA inhibit or excite

A

inhibite

74
Q

glutamate

A

brains excitatory neurotransmitter

75
Q

hypothalamus

A

involved in feeding, drinking, temperature, regulation and sexual behavior

76
Q

limbic system

A

consists of a number of connected structures that are involved in emotion memory or location and level of physical activity

77
Q

area postrema

A

vomiting center
- when detects foreign substance in blood it induces vomiting

78
Q

Agonist

A

mimicking the action of the neurotransmitter and directly activating the receptor

79
Q

antagonist

A

occupying the receptor and preventing the neurotransmitter from activating it

80
Q

4 humors

A

blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile

81
Q

MRI

A

can tell you shape of the brain but not how well the brain is functioning

82
Q

PET

A

chemical injection into the bloodstream and scanning device maps out the amounts of the chemical in various brain regions

83
Q

Fmri

A

measures blood oxygen level-dependent signal which can be used to create a colored statistical map of the brain regions active during activity

84
Q
A

integrative seminar (7 decks)

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