quiz 1 Flashcards
drug
any substance that alters the structure or function of an organism
illicit drugs
a drug that is unlawful to possess or use
licit drugs
drug that is not unlawful to possess or use
deviant drug use
not common within a social group; disapproved of by most of that group
drug misuse
used in ways not prescribed by the manufacturer or regulatory agency
drug abuse
causes social occupational psychological-physical problems
drug dependence
a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently or consistently that it would be difficult for the person to stop
3 important principles of drug use
- every drug has multiple effects
- the size and quality of a drugs effect depends on the amount the individual has taken an the route of administration
- effects depend on the individuals history or expectations
4 revolutions in drug use
- 19 century = vaccines
- first 1/2 of the 20th century = antibiotics
- 1950s = psychopharmacology - the study of drug effects on mind
- 1960s: birth control pill - convinced the public we can chemically control our bodies and minds even in the absence of illness
mid -1960s era
rapid cultural change, drug experimentation, era of greater tolerance
1970s drug use
mixed attitudes - more tolerance in some quarters
Nixon’s war on drugs 1971
1980s drug use in america
more limits, penalties for drug use increased and casual drug use dropped off
the 1990s drug use in America
the rise of “club drugs” (ecstasy) more understanding of drug effects
empirical data
derived from scientific studies
researchers are more curious about drug use in
adolescents
ancedotal
evidence typically based on one persons casual observation or preception
risk factors are correlated with
an increased likelihood of drug use
protective factors are correlated with
a decreased likelihood of drug use
who is more likely to use tobacco and cocaine and smoke weed
males
American Indians are associated with a high use of
tobacco
asians are associated with a
lower use of all substances
antecedents
characteristics that predict later initiation of drug use
reinforcement
chances of taking the drug increase each time you take it
is drug use a problem components
who is taking the drug (medical patient or healthy human)
what drug are they taking (Vicodin for pain or pleasure)
when and where is the drug being used (home or work)
why is the drug being used
how is the drug being taken (injected or pill)
how much of the drug is being used (small or large amount)
war on drugs
efforts by the US and other governments to reduce or eliminate certain kinds of drug use
drawbacks of survey use
only certain population is reached and some students don’t answer honestly
house to house surveys
these studies can estimate the drug use in most of the population
national survey on drug use and health
face to face computer-assisted interview done with more than 68,000 individuals in carefully sampled households across the US
what age group shows a steady increase in weed use
18-25 year olds
risk factor of drug use
- having friend who use marijuana or other substances
- engaging in frequent fighting, stealing or other antisocial activites
- perceiving that substances use is prevalent at your school
- knowing adults who use marijuana or other substances
- having a positive attitude toward marijuana use
protective factor examples
- perceiving that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school
- having parents as a source of social support
- being committed to school
- believing that religion is important and frequently attending services
- participation in 2 or more extracurricular activites
what personality traits can predict substance use disorders
personality disorders and impulsivity
antecedents of drug use
aggressiveness, conduct problems, poor academic performance, attachment to bad company
