chapter 1 review

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

any substance other than food or water that alters the structure or function of an organism

Question 2

illicit drug

Answer 2

drug that is illegal

Question 3

licit drug

Answer 3

legal drug

Question 4

drug misuse

Answer 4

used in ways not prescribed by the manufacturer or regulatory agency

Question 5

drug abuse

Answer 5

the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others

Question 6

drug dependence

Answer 6

a state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently or consistently that it would be difficult for the person to stop

Question 7

3 important principles

Answer 7

1. every drug has multiple effects
2. the size and the quality of the drugs effect depends on the amount of the individual has taken and the route of administration
3. effects depend on the individual’s history or expectations

Question 8

substance use concerns before WW11

Answer 8

few concerns

Question 9

mid 1960s:

Answer 9

rapid cultural change, drug experimentation, era of tolerance

Question 10

1970s mixed attitudes

Answer 10

more tolerance in some quarters - nixons war on drugs

Question 11

nixons war on drugs

Answer 11

declared drugs abuse was public enemy number one

Question 12

1980s penalties?

Answer 12

more limits and penalties for drug use
- casual drug use dropped off

Question 13

1990s rise of “club drugs”

Question 14

4 revolutions in drug use

Answer 14

1. 19th century vaccines
2. first half of 20th century: antibiotics
3. 1950s study of the drug effects on mind
   - convinced the public that drugs can have effects on emotions and cognitive thought processes
4. 1960s birth control pill - convinced the public we can chemically control our bodies

Question 15

monitoring the future project

Question 16

prevalence of use

Question 17

attitudes about risk and availability - how they have changed over time

Question 18

national survey on drug use and health

Question 19

personal characteristics that predict drug use

Answer 19

risks factors: having friends who use substances
2. engaging in frequent fighting, stealing, and other antisocial activities
3. perceiving that substance use is prevalent at school
4. knowing adults who use substance
5. having positive attitude toward substance use

Question 20

what variables dont predict drug use?

Answer 20

protective factors;
1. perceiving that there are strong sanctions against substance use at school
2. having parents as a source of social support
3. being committed to schoo
4. believing that religion is important and frequently attending relgious services
5. participating in two or more extra curricular activities

Question 21

socioeconomic status does not correlate well with drug use except when

Question 22

personality problems

Answer 22

impulsivity, aggressiveness, conduct problems poor academic

Question 23

antecedent - correlated variables that pre-date (and may lead to) drug use

Answer 23

impulsivity, aggressiveness, conduct problems poor academic

Question 24

motives for the first time use - strongest predictor

Answer 24

rebellious behavior, to get attention