quiz 2

Question 1

immune response that does not involve memory; nonspecific manner; not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to host; immediate defense against infection

Answer 1

innate response

Question 2

foreign substances- proteins, often microorganisms and their toxins; human cells that have been transformed- tumor cells or cells infected with viruses; organ transplants

Answer 2

antigen

Question 3

tissues from the persons own body becomes an antigen

Answer 3

autoimmune disease

Question 4

what are the primary wbcs involved in immune response

Answer 4

lymphocytes

Question 5

cellular involvement in the immune response

Answer 5

b, t lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines

Question 6

cells that are able to recognize and respond to an antigen; derived from precursor cells in bone marrow(stem cells)

Answer 6

lymphocytes; constitute 20 to 25% of the wbc population

Question 7

two main types of lymphocytes

Answer 7

b and T

Question 8

can destroy cells recognized as foreign without recognizing specific antigens(innate immunity)

Answer 8

natural killer cells

Question 9

develop and reside in lymphoid tissue; travel to the site of injury when stimulated by antigen

Answer 9

b lymphocytes

Question 10

two main types of B lymphocytes

Answer 10

plasma cells and b memory cells

Question 11

produce specific antibodies that are categorized into 5 classes of immunoglobulines, which are carried in blood serum

Answer 11

plasma cells

Question 12

retains the memory of previously encountered antigen and will clone itself in the presence of antigen

Answer 12

b memory cell

Question 13

antigen combined with antibody

Answer 13

immune complex

Question 14

travel to thymus and mature; thymus is large in infant and shrinks as the child matures

Answer 14

t lymphocytes

Question 15

similar to B memory cells

Answer 15

memory cells

Question 16

increase functioning of b lymphocytes (enhance the antibody response) t4 cell marker

Answer 16

t helper cell

Question 17

directly attacks virally infected cells or tumor cells/ t8 cell marker

Answer 17

t cytotoxic cells

Question 18

active in phagocytosis of foreign material; can act as antigen presenting cells. can stimulate the lymphocytes to travel from lymphoid tissue to the injury site. links inflammatory response and the immune response together; produce cytokines called monokines

Answer 18

macrophages

Question 19

presents antigens to lymphocytes; amplify the immune response but do not remember the encountered antigen like lymphocytes; need to be reactivated during each encounter

Answer 19

macrophages

Question 20

proteins made by cells that are able to affect the behavior or other cells. chemical mediators that tell cell what to do

Answer 20

cytokines

Question 21

b lymphocytes are the primary cells; involves production of antibodies

Answer 21

humoral response

Question 22

t lymphocytes are the primary cells; lymphocytes may work alone or be assisted by macrophages; the cell mediated portion regulates both major responses

Answer 22

cell mediated response

Question 23

immune system has ______ the inflammatory system does not

Answer 23

memory

Question 24

retained memory

Answer 24

immunity

Question 25

using antibodies created by another person to prevent infectious disease

Answer 25

passive immunity

Question 26

when antibodies from the mother pass through the placenta to the developing fetus

Answer 26

natural passive

Question 27

when antibodies are acquired through an infection ; short lived, but fast acting; often an immunoglobulin

Answer 27

afticially acquired passive

Question 28

antibodies created by the person themselves

Answer 28

active immunity

Question 29

protection conferred following survival from an infectious disease

Answer 29

natural active

Question 30

injection or ingestion of either altered pathogenic microorganisms or products of those microorganisms or products of those microorganisms- immunization with a vaccine

Answer 30

acquired active

Question 31

the study of immune reactions involved in disease; immune system can malfunction and cause tissue damage; hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases

Answer 31

immunopathology

Question 32

an allergic reaction; an exaggerated response; tissue destruction occurs as a result of the immune response

Answer 32

hypersensitivity

Question 33

hay fever, asthma, anaphylaxis

Answer 33

type I(anaphylactic type)

Question 34

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer 34

type II(cytotoxic type)

Question 35

autoimmune diseases

Answer 35

type III immune complex type

Question 36

granulomatous disease

Answer 36

type IV(cell mediated type)

Question 37

immediate;the rxn occurs within minutes after exposure to an antigen; plasma cells include igE(release histamine) increased dilation and perm or bv and constricting smooth muscle in bronchioles of lungs

Answer 37

type I hypersensitivity

Question 38

cytotoxic type; antibody combines with an antigen bound to the surface of tissue cells, usually a circulation rbc; activated complement components igg and igm- this destroys the tissue that has the antigens on the surface of its cells(rH compatibility

Answer 38

type II hypersensitivity

Question 39

immune complex type; serum sickness; immune complexes are formed between microorganisms and antibody in circulating blood. these complexes leave the blood and are deposited in body tissues, where they cause an acute inflammatory response

Answer 39

type III hypersen

Question 40

neutrophils are attracted to the complexes, but they die causing lysosomal enzymes to be released which causes tissue destruction; results in acute inflammatory response

Answer 40

type III hyper sens

Question 41

occurs when there is little antibody and an excess of antigen, leading to small immune complexes being formed and are not cleared from the circulation. immune complexes of different sizes form; insert themselves in small bv and joints, causing symptoms

Answer 41

type III hypersensitivity

Question 42

cell mediated(delayed); does not involve humoral antibody response. T lymphocytes that previously have been introduced to an antigen cause damage to tissue cells or recruit other cells; responsible for the rejection of tissue grafts and transplanted organs; tb skin test

Answer 42

type IV hypersen

Question 43

the body learns to determine self from nonself

Answer 43

immunologic tolerance

Question 44

the recognition mechanism breaks down; some body cells are not tolerated and are treated as foreign antigens; may involve a single cell or organ or multiple organs. t cells attack pancreatic cells in type I diabetes mellitus; system treats body cells as antigens

Answer 44

autoimmune disorder

Question 45

a deficiency in number, function, or interrelationships of the involved wbc's and their products; may be congenital or acquired; infections and tumors may occur as a result of the deficiency

Answer 45

immunodeficiency; immunopathologic condition