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oral pathology > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

immune response that does not involve memory; nonspecific manner; not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to host; immediate defense against infection

A

innate response

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2
Q

foreign substances- proteins, often microorganisms and their toxins; human cells that have been transformed- tumor cells or cells infected with viruses; organ transplants

A

antigen

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3
Q

tissues from the persons own body becomes an antigen

A

autoimmune disease

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4
Q

what are the primary wbcs involved in immune response

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

cellular involvement in the immune response

A

b, t lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines

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6
Q

cells that are able to recognize and respond to an antigen; derived from precursor cells in bone marrow(stem cells)

A

lymphocytes; constitute 20 to 25% of the wbc population

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7
Q

two main types of lymphocytes

A

b and T

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8
Q

can destroy cells recognized as foreign without recognizing specific antigens(innate immunity)

A

natural killer cells

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9
Q

develop and reside in lymphoid tissue; travel to the site of injury when stimulated by antigen

A

b lymphocytes

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10
Q

two main types of B lymphocytes

A

plasma cells and b memory cells

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11
Q

produce specific antibodies that are categorized into 5 classes of immunoglobulines, which are carried in blood serum

A

plasma cells

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12
Q

retains the memory of previously encountered antigen and will clone itself in the presence of antigen

A

b memory cell

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13
Q

antigen combined with antibody

A

immune complex

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14
Q

travel to thymus and mature; thymus is large in infant and shrinks as the child matures

A

t lymphocytes

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15
Q

similar to B memory cells

A

memory cells

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16
Q

increase functioning of b lymphocytes (enhance the antibody response) t4 cell marker

A

t helper cell

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17
Q

directly attacks virally infected cells or tumor cells/ t8 cell marker

A

t cytotoxic cells

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18
Q

active in phagocytosis of foreign material; can act as antigen presenting cells. can stimulate the lymphocytes to travel from lymphoid tissue to the injury site. links inflammatory response and the immune response together; produce cytokines called monokines

A

macrophages

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19
Q

presents antigens to lymphocytes; amplify the immune response but do not remember the encountered antigen like lymphocytes; need to be reactivated during each encounter

A

macrophages

20
Q

proteins made by cells that are able to affect the behavior or other cells. chemical mediators that tell cell what to do

A

cytokines

21
Q

b lymphocytes are the primary cells; involves production of antibodies

A

humoral response

22
Q

t lymphocytes are the primary cells; lymphocytes may work alone or be assisted by macrophages; the cell mediated portion regulates both major responses

A

cell mediated response

23
Q

immune system has ______ the inflammatory system does not

A

memory

24
Q

retained memory

A

immunity

25
Q

using antibodies created by another person to prevent infectious disease

A

passive immunity

26
Q

when antibodies from the mother pass through the placenta to the developing fetus

A

natural passive

27
Q

when antibodies are acquired through an infection ; short lived, but fast acting; often an immunoglobulin

A

afticially acquired passive

28
Q

antibodies created by the person themselves

A

active immunity

29
Q

protection conferred following survival from an infectious disease

A

natural active

30
Q

injection or ingestion of either altered pathogenic microorganisms or products of those microorganisms or products of those microorganisms- immunization with a vaccine

A

acquired active

31
Q

the study of immune reactions involved in disease; immune system can malfunction and cause tissue damage; hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases

A

immunopathology

32
Q

an allergic reaction; an exaggerated response; tissue destruction occurs as a result of the immune response

A

hypersensitivity

33
Q

hay fever, asthma, anaphylaxis

A

type I(anaphylactic type)

34
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

type II(cytotoxic type)

35
Q

autoimmune diseases

A

type III immune complex type

36
Q

granulomatous disease

A

type IV(cell mediated type)

37
Q

immediate;the rxn occurs within minutes after exposure to an antigen; plasma cells include igE(release histamine) increased dilation and perm or bv and constricting smooth muscle in bronchioles of lungs

A

type I hypersensitivity

38
Q

cytotoxic type; antibody combines with an antigen bound to the surface of tissue cells, usually a circulation rbc; activated complement components igg and igm- this destroys the tissue that has the antigens on the surface of its cells(rH compatibility

A

type II hypersensitivity

39
Q

immune complex type; serum sickness; immune complexes are formed between microorganisms and antibody in circulating blood. these complexes leave the blood and are deposited in body tissues, where they cause an acute inflammatory response

A

type III hypersen

40
Q

neutrophils are attracted to the complexes, but they die causing lysosomal enzymes to be released which causes tissue destruction; results in acute inflammatory response

A

type III hyper sens

41
Q

occurs when there is little antibody and an excess of antigen, leading to small immune complexes being formed and are not cleared from the circulation. immune complexes of different sizes form; insert themselves in small bv and joints, causing symptoms

A

type III hypersensitivity

42
Q

cell mediated(delayed); does not involve humoral antibody response. T lymphocytes that previously have been introduced to an antigen cause damage to tissue cells or recruit other cells; responsible for the rejection of tissue grafts and transplanted organs; tb skin test

A

type IV hypersen

43
Q

the body learns to determine self from nonself

A

immunologic tolerance

44
Q

the recognition mechanism breaks down; some body cells are not tolerated and are treated as foreign antigens; may involve a single cell or organ or multiple organs. t cells attack pancreatic cells in type I diabetes mellitus; system treats body cells as antigens

A

autoimmune disorder

45
Q

a deficiency in number, function, or interrelationships of the involved wbc’s and their products; may be congenital or acquired; infections and tumors may occur as a result of the deficiency

A

immunodeficiency; immunopathologic condition

oral pathology (12 decks)

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