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oral pathology > neoplasms of the jaw > Flashcards

neoplasms of the jaw Flashcards

1
Q

new growth, cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation

A

neoplasia

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2
Q

a mass of such cells

A

neoplasm

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3
Q

means swelling, but is often used as a synonym for neoplasm

A

tumor

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4
Q

for a neoplasia, does an irreversible change take place in the cells?

A

yes, must be passed onto new cells and result in uncontrollable cell multiplication

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5
Q

causes of neoplasia

A

chemicals, viruses, radiation

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6
Q

two categories of neoplasia

A

benign or malignant

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7
Q

remains localized; may be encapsulated with fibrous ct; can invade adjacent tissue, but does not have the ability to spread to distant sites

A

benign

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8
Q

invades and destroys surrounding tissue; has ability to spread throughout body; cancer is synonymous with malignancy

A

malignant

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9
Q

almost always resemble normal tissue

A

benign

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10
Q

vary in histologic appearance

A

malignant

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11
Q

have neoplastic cells that resemble normal cells

A

well differentiated malignant tumor

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12
Q

do not resemble the tissue from which they were derived at all

A

undifferentiated or anaplastic

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13
Q

do not resemble normal cells

A

poorly differentiated

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14
Q

the cells of malignant tumors often vary in size and shape

A

pleomorphic

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15
Q

the nuclei of these cells are darker than those of normal cells and exhibit an increased nuclear-cyoplasmic ratio

A

hyperchromatic

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16
Q

normal and abnormal mitotic figures are seen in the nucleus of neoplastic cells(see spindles)

A

mitotic figures

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17
Q

the prefix is determined by the ___ or cell of origin

A

tissue

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18
Q

the suffix oma is used to indicate___

A

tumor

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19
Q

what are some benign tumors

A

lipoma

osteoma

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20
Q

benign tumor of fat

A

lipoma

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21
Q

benign tumor of bone

A

osteoma

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22
Q

malignant tumor of epithelium

A

carcinoma

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23
Q

malignant tumor of ct

A

sarcoma

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24
Q

malignant tumor of bone

A

osteosarcoma

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25
treated by surgical excision, either wide local excision or enucleation
benign tumors
26
treated by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, often a combination
malignant tumor
27
what 3 different types of epithelial tumors are found in the oral cavity
squamous epithelium, salivary gland epithelium , odontogenic epithelium
28
benign tumor of squamous epithelium; papillary projections; may be white or color of normal mucosa; soft palate or tongue; each epithelial proliferation has a central core of connective tissue; appears similar to verruca vulgaris; start squam epi
papilloma
29
most common benign neoplasm of oral epithelium that occurs in all ages; solitary with high incidence in soft palate, faucial pillars, and uvula; hpv subtypes have been found; completely remove to treat
papilloma
30
what are some premalignant lesions
leukoplakia, erythroplakia, epithelial dysplasia
31
means white plaque; clinical term; biopsy necessary; due to hyperkeratosis or epithelial dysplasia and hyperkeratosis; if cause can be identified, remove the cause and see if it resolves; if not should be biopsied
leukoplakia
32
may show epithelial dysplasia(premalignant condition) or even squamous cell carcinoma
leukoplakia
33
an oral mucosa lesion appearing as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch; speckled leukoplakia lesion that shows a mix of red and white areas; floor of mouth, tongue, and soft palate; less common than leukoplakia
erythroplakia
34
how many cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma
90%
35
a histologic diagnosis of a premalignant condition; disordered growth; precede squamous cell carcinoma; may present as erythroplakia or leukoplakia or mixed; floor of mouth or tongue
epithelial dysplasia
36
no invasion of abnormal epithelial cells through the basement membrane**; carcinoma in situ
epithelial dysplasia
37
severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of epithelium
carcinoma in situ
38
considered a premalignant condition
epithelial dysplasia
39
a malignant neoplasm of the epithelium
carcinoma
40
a malignant tumor that arises from the submucous glands underlying the oral mucosa
adenocarcinoma
41
a malignant neoplasm arising from supportive and ct
sarcoma
42
a malignant tumor involving the bone; in mouth, the affected bones are the bones of the jaws; although the cancer may start in the bone, it often spreads and involves the surrounding soft tissues
osteosarcoma
43
most common primary malignancy of the oral cavity; malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
squamous cell carcinoma
44
can destroy bone; exophytic ulcerative mass; keratin pearls
squamous cell carcinoma
45
most often on floor of mouth, ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas
squamous cell carcinoma
46
exposure to sun causes lips to turn from dark pink to mottled grayish pink; interface becomes blurred; linear fissures are seen at right angles to the line of interface; mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs
solar or actinic cheilitis
47
may occur on vermilion border of lips and skin of face- these locations have a better prognosis than scc of the oral mucosa
squamous cell carcinoma
48
risk factors for scc
tobacco; alcohol consumption; most patients are over 40 yrs old; men
49
less than 2 cm in diameter
t1
50
2-4 cm in diameter
t2
51
greater than 4 cm in diameter
t3
52
invades adjacent structures
t4
53
no palpable nodes
n0
54
ipsilateral palpable nodes(on same side of body)
N1
55
contralateral or bilateral nodes
n2
56
fixed palpable nodes
n3
57
no distant metastasis
m0
58
clinical metastasis
m1
59
slow-growing, exophytic; vestibule and buccal mucosa; men over 55 years old; papillary epithelial projections; well-differentiated; does not show invasion through basement membrane
verrucous carcinoma
60
is a SSC, but grows exophytically
verrucous carcinoma
61
malignant tumor associated with excessive exposure to the sun; rolled borders; proliferation of basal cells into underlying ct; frequently arises on the skin of the face
basal cell carcinoma
62
what are the salivary gland tumors
pleomorphic adenoma monomorphic adenoma adenoid cystic carcinoma mucoepidermoid carcinoma
63
malignant(but most have specific names) regarding salivary gland tumors
adenocarcinoma
64
benign salivary tumor; most common extraoral location is the parotid gland; most common intraoral location is the palate; mix of both epithelium and connective tissue appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass; have been known to undergo malignant transformation
pleomorphic adenoma
65
benign encapsulated salivary gland tumor; occurs less often; uniform pattern of epithelial cells(no ct cells); adult females; upper lip and buccal mucosa; warthin tumor
monomorphic adenoma
66
can originate from either major or minor salivary gland tissue; malignant slow growing; swiss cheese; painful; more common in women; common extraoral site is the parotid; common intraoral site is the palate
adenoid cystic carcinoma(cylindroma)
67
goes into bone(central); malignant salivary gland tumor; unencapsulated and infiltrating; mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells called epidermoid cells; central mucoepidermoid carcinoma; in bone
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
68
most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children
mucoepidermoid carcinoma

oral pathology (12 decks)

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