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oral pathology > neoplasms of the jaw > Flashcards

neoplasms of the jaw Flashcards

1
Q

new growth, cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation

A

neoplasia

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2
Q

a mass of such cells

A

neoplasm

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3
Q

means swelling, but is often used as a synonym for neoplasm

A

tumor

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4
Q

for a neoplasia, does an irreversible change take place in the cells?

A

yes, must be passed onto new cells and result in uncontrollable cell multiplication

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5
Q

causes of neoplasia

A

chemicals, viruses, radiation

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6
Q

two categories of neoplasia

A

benign or malignant

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7
Q

remains localized; may be encapsulated with fibrous ct; can invade adjacent tissue, but does not have the ability to spread to distant sites

A

benign

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8
Q

invades and destroys surrounding tissue; has ability to spread throughout body; cancer is synonymous with malignancy

A

malignant

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9
Q

almost always resemble normal tissue

A

benign

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10
Q

vary in histologic appearance

A

malignant

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11
Q

have neoplastic cells that resemble normal cells

A

well differentiated malignant tumor

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12
Q

do not resemble the tissue from which they were derived at all

A

undifferentiated or anaplastic

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13
Q

do not resemble normal cells

A

poorly differentiated

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14
Q

the cells of malignant tumors often vary in size and shape

A

pleomorphic

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15
Q

the nuclei of these cells are darker than those of normal cells and exhibit an increased nuclear-cyoplasmic ratio

A

hyperchromatic

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16
Q

normal and abnormal mitotic figures are seen in the nucleus of neoplastic cells(see spindles)

A

mitotic figures

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17
Q

the prefix is determined by the ___ or cell of origin

A

tissue

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18
Q

the suffix oma is used to indicate___

A

tumor

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19
Q

what are some benign tumors

A

lipoma

osteoma

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20
Q

benign tumor of fat

A

lipoma

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21
Q

benign tumor of bone

A

osteoma

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22
Q

malignant tumor of epithelium

A

carcinoma

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23
Q

malignant tumor of ct

A

sarcoma

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24
Q

malignant tumor of bone

A

osteosarcoma

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25
Q

treated by surgical excision, either wide local excision or enucleation

A

benign tumors

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26
Q

treated by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, often a combination

A

malignant tumor

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27
Q

what 3 different types of epithelial tumors are found in the oral cavity

A

squamous epithelium, salivary gland epithelium , odontogenic epithelium

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28
Q

benign tumor of squamous epithelium; papillary projections; may be white or color of normal mucosa; soft palate or tongue; each epithelial proliferation has a central core of connective tissue; appears similar to verruca vulgaris; start squam epi

A

papilloma

29
Q

most common benign neoplasm of oral epithelium that occurs in all ages; solitary with high incidence in soft palate, faucial pillars, and uvula; hpv subtypes have been found; completely remove to treat

A

papilloma

30
Q

what are some premalignant lesions

A

leukoplakia, erythroplakia, epithelial dysplasia

31
Q

means white plaque; clinical term; biopsy necessary; due to hyperkeratosis or epithelial dysplasia and hyperkeratosis; if cause can be identified, remove the cause and see if it resolves; if not should be biopsied

A

leukoplakia

32
Q

may show epithelial dysplasia(premalignant condition) or even squamous cell carcinoma

A

leukoplakia

33
Q

an oral mucosa lesion appearing as a smooth red patch or a granular red and velvety patch; speckled leukoplakia lesion that shows a mix of red and white areas; floor of mouth, tongue, and soft palate; less common than leukoplakia

A

erythroplakia

34
Q

how many cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma

A

90%

35
Q

a histologic diagnosis of a premalignant condition; disordered growth; precede squamous cell carcinoma; may present as erythroplakia or leukoplakia or mixed; floor of mouth or tongue

A

epithelial dysplasia

36
Q

no invasion of abnormal epithelial cells through the basement membrane**; carcinoma in situ

A

epithelial dysplasia

37
Q

severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of epithelium

A

carcinoma in situ

38
Q

considered a premalignant condition

A

epithelial dysplasia

39
Q

a malignant neoplasm of the epithelium

A

carcinoma

40
Q

a malignant tumor that arises from the submucous glands underlying the oral mucosa

A

adenocarcinoma

41
Q

a malignant neoplasm arising from supportive and ct

A

sarcoma

42
Q

a malignant tumor involving the bone; in mouth, the affected bones are the bones of the jaws; although the cancer may start in the bone, it often spreads and involves the surrounding soft tissues

A

osteosarcoma

43
Q

most common primary malignancy of the oral cavity; malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

A

squamous cell carcinoma

44
Q

can destroy bone; exophytic ulcerative mass; keratin pearls

A

squamous cell carcinoma

45
Q

most often on floor of mouth, ventrolateral tongue, soft palate, tonsillar pillar, and retromolar areas

A

squamous cell carcinoma

46
Q

exposure to sun causes lips to turn from dark pink to mottled grayish pink; interface becomes blurred; linear fissures are seen at right angles to the line of interface; mild to severe epithelial dysplasia occurs

A

solar or actinic cheilitis

47
Q

may occur on vermilion border of lips and skin of face- these locations have a better prognosis than scc of the oral mucosa

A

squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

risk factors for scc

A

tobacco; alcohol consumption; most patients are over 40 yrs old; men

49
Q

less than 2 cm in diameter

A

t1

50
Q

2-4 cm in diameter

A

t2

51
Q

greater than 4 cm in diameter

A

t3

52
Q

invades adjacent structures

A

t4

53
Q

no palpable nodes

A

n0

54
Q

ipsilateral palpable nodes(on same side of body)

A

N1

55
Q

contralateral or bilateral nodes

A

n2

56
Q

fixed palpable nodes

A

n3

57
Q

no distant metastasis

A

m0

58
Q

clinical metastasis

A

m1

59
Q

slow-growing, exophytic; vestibule and buccal mucosa; men over 55 years old; papillary epithelial projections; well-differentiated; does not show invasion through basement membrane

A

verrucous carcinoma

60
Q

is a SSC, but grows exophytically

A

verrucous carcinoma

61
Q

malignant tumor associated with excessive exposure to the sun; rolled borders; proliferation of basal cells into underlying ct; frequently arises on the skin of the face

A

basal cell carcinoma

62
Q

what are the salivary gland tumors

A

pleomorphic adenoma
monomorphic adenoma
adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma

63
Q

malignant(but most have specific names) regarding salivary gland tumors

A

adenocarcinoma

64
Q

benign salivary tumor; most common extraoral location is the parotid gland; most common intraoral location is the palate; mix of both epithelium and connective tissue
appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass; have been known to undergo malignant transformation

A

pleomorphic adenoma

65
Q

benign encapsulated salivary gland tumor; occurs less often; uniform pattern of epithelial cells(no ct cells); adult females; upper lip and buccal mucosa; warthin tumor

A

monomorphic adenoma

66
Q

can originate from either major or minor salivary gland tissue; malignant slow growing; swiss cheese; painful; more common in women; common extraoral site is the parotid; common intraoral site is the palate

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma(cylindroma)

67
Q

goes into bone(central); malignant salivary gland tumor; unencapsulated and infiltrating; mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells called epidermoid cells; central mucoepidermoid carcinoma; in bone

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

68
Q

most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

oral pathology (12 decks)

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