extra point quiz

Question 1

oral cancer is the __ most common type in men and the __ most common type in women

Answer 1

8th;14th

Question 2

the death rate of oral cancer is approximately __ death every hour, every day

Answer 2

one

Question 3

_______ accounts for 40% of all cancers in india

Answer 3

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 4

in india, approx __ people die every hour of oral cancer alone

Answer 4

14

Question 5

____ per year will die

Answer 5

9,000

Question 6

the average survival rate at 5 years is ____%(blacks 39% vs whites___%)

Answer 6

59%; 61%

Question 7

oral cancer has the ____ lowest survival rate of any cancer. and survival rates alone are not improving

Answer 7

5th lowest

Question 8

____ new cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed in the US in 2010

Answer 8

36,540(more in men than women)

Question 9

the cdc states that the 5-year survival rate for patients with localized disease is ___%`

Answer 9

81

Question 10

however, the 5-year survival rate for patients with oral cancer spread to other sites is only ___%

Answer 10

30

Question 11

_______ makes up over 90% of all oral and oropharyngeal cancers

Answer 11

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 12

peak age is 50-70 yrs old; no age is immune; male prediction 3-1; oral cancer has been found in 2 yr olds; risk factors correlate with incidence in the >40 year old group

Answer 12

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 13

____men have the highest overall incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma and blacks and whites have higher oral cancer rates than do hispanics or asians

Answer 13

black men

Question 14

___ is the most common site of oscc for all ethniticites

Answer 14

tongue

Question 15

there has been a fourfold increase in occurrence in men in their 30’s as compared to 10 years ago in what cancer

Answer 15

oscc

Question 16

risk factors: 
tobacco
alcohol
genetic defects
immune defects
environmental defects
betel quid, areca nut, narcotics, and cannabis use
hpv

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 17

how much percent of those with oral cancer were/is a smoker

Answer 17

90%

Question 18

smokers are __ times more likely to develop oral cancers than nonsmokers

Answer 18

6

Question 19

cigarette smoke destroys the antioxidants in the saliva and turns the saliva into a chemical mixture that could

Answer 19

accelerate the development of mouth cancer

Question 20

is smokeless tobacco a huge risk factor as previously though?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

moist or dry leaf is worse?(smokeless tobacco)

Answer 21

dry

Question 22

in sweden, there is an ___ in smokeless tobacco usage but a decrease in the incidence of oral cancer

Answer 22

increase

Question 23

oral cancer will usually appear about ____ years after smokeless tobacco use

Answer 23

20-40 years

Question 24

it truly takes ___ weeks for tobacco pouch keratosis to resolve

Answer 24

2-6 weeks

Question 25

biopsy if lesion persists after __ weeks without contact with tobacco

Answer 25

6

Question 26

pacific islanders and asians are bringing a dangerous habit with them to the us; treating it like smokeless tobacco

Answer 26

betal nut quid

Question 27

an addictive stimulant that can cause an aggressive form of oral cancer

Answer 27

betel leaf

Question 28

swedish style, steam-pasteurized, moist smokeless tobacco; not dry or fire-cured like snuff; not a good idea; if these carcinogens are swallowed, , will it increase the numbers of esophageal and stomach cancers?

Answer 28

snus

Question 29

defined as drinking 6 equivalents or more per day of : 1.5 oz hard liquor(shot) 6oz. wine 12oz beer

Answer 29

alcohol abuse

Question 30

you are at greater risk of oral cancer if you abuse__ than if you are smoking 2 packs per day

Answer 30

alcohol

Question 31

six drinks/day=__ times increase risk of cancer

Answer 31

3.3

Question 32

6-9 drinks/day= ___ times increase risk

Answer 32

15

Question 33

aging chronic nutritional deficiency disease states therapeutic intervention

Answer 33

immune system deficits

Question 34

low consumption of fruits and veggies ___ an oral cancer risk factor

Answer 34

is

Question 35

can result in gradual accumulation of genetic defects which alters the cell's ability to regulate normal cell function; aids, chronic candida, hpv, some types of herpes virus(herpes cofactor with tobacco)

Answer 35

disease states

Question 36

some studies suggest oral cancers at the base of the ___ and ____ are associated with high risk hpv types oropharyngeal cancers

Answer 36

tongue; tonsils

Question 37

how do some hpvs promote malignant transformation?

Answer 37

by inactivation of certain oncosuppressor genes

Question 38

hpv vaccines cover teh hpv___ found most commonly in the oral mucosa, but their protective effect against oral cancer remains to be elucidated

Answer 38

genotypes

Question 39

oral and oropharyngeal scc has been linked to high-risk ___ strains

Answer 39

hpv

Question 40

oral hpv infection may be transmitted

Answer 40

sexually mouth to mouth vertically from an infected mother to her newborn during delivary

Question 41

if your immune systems surveillance is removed this can increase the risk for

Answer 41

cancer

Question 42

is family history of cancer a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 42

no

Question 43

is consumption of hot beverages and spicy foods a risk factor

Answer 43

no

Question 44

south carolina has the __ highest oral cancer mortality rate in the US

Answer 44

4th

Question 45

persons with chronic gum disease were __ times more likely to have tongue cancer with every millimeter of alveolar bone loss than those without gum disease

Answer 45

5.2 times

Question 46

``` red plaque-like(or mixed) white plaque ulcer exophytic mass(can be endophytic) irregular, nodular mass unexplained radiolucency ```

Answer 46

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 47

a red lesion of the oral mucosa with no apparent cause; also should be carefully evaluated especially if there is history of tobacco usage

Answer 47

erythroplasia

Question 48

caused by epithelial dysplasia, cis, or scc; middle-aged; risk factors important; floor of mouth, lateral and ventral tongue, soft palate; biopsy mandatory if lesion persists after removal of suspected predisposing factors

Answer 48

erythroplakia

Question 49

__ are already dysplasia, cis, or scc

Answer 49

91% of erythroplakia

Question 50

what is the most common precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa

Answer 50

leukoplakia and erythroplasia

Question 51

heterogeneous and homo

Answer 51

leukoplakia

Question 52

lack of uniformity

Answer 52

hetero

Question 53

uniform appearance

Answer 53

homo

Question 54

clinical diagnosis, not microscopic; asses rf; increased risk for malignant transformation; biopsy mandatory if lesion persists after removal of suspected predisposing factors

Answer 54

leukoplakia

Question 55

leukoplakia: dysplasia in about __% of cases, invasive scc in __ % of cases

Answer 55

10;5

Question 56

red lesion with focal areas of white plaques; biopsy mandatory if lesion persists after removal of suspected predisposing factor; high incidence of premalignancy or malignancy with this type

Answer 56

speckled leukoplakia

Question 57

what kind of feature is pain

Answer 57

late feature

Question 58

unusual sites of scc

Answer 58

dorsum of tongue and rugae

Question 59

hard, nonmovable lesions, irregular borders, nonhealing ulcer, pain

Answer 59

advanced lesions scc

Question 60

sites at greater risk for scc

Answer 60

posterior lateral border of tongue, floor of mouth-epithelium is thin/occurs in males mostly; tonsillar pillars

Question 61

5 year survival rate of oral cancer

Answer 61

>80% for early stage | 20% with advanced stage

Question 62

stage 1

Answer 62

77-85%

Question 63

stage 2

Answer 63

66-76%

Question 64

stage 3

Answer 64

41-44%

Question 65

stage 4

Answer 65

9-20%

Question 66

is histological differentiation of importance to prognosis of scc

Answer 66

least importance

Question 67

there is an increased incidence of scc in young

Answer 67

adults; poor survival rate; deficit in immune system or related to marijuana use

Question 68

light-emitting diode(led light that provides blue-white illumination of lesions after applying 1% acetic acid wash. examples: microlux/dl and orascoptic dk. abnormal squamous epithelium appears distinctly white

Answer 68

tissue-reflectance devices

Question 69

uses blue light to distinguish healthy mucosa from malignant oral tissue. example: velscope, abnormal tissue appears darker than the pale green background of normal tissue

Answer 69

autofluorescence device detector

Question 70

one product combines the technologies of tissue reflectance and autofluorescence with a white light source. ex: identafi 3000

Answer 70

autofluorescence-tissue reflectance device

Question 71

using toluene blue stain, brush-cytology sampling provides a full-thickness sample of cells from the lesion. helps the practitioner assess the need for surgical biopsy and tissue diagnosis. ex: cytobrush plus gt

Answer 71

lesion-sampling device

Question 72

an aggressive form of oral leukoplakia: persistent, often multifocal, refractory of treatment, high risk of recurrence and high risk of malignant transformation

Answer 72

pvl

Question 73

has a higher risk of malignant transfromation than the most common non-verrucous leukoplakis

Answer 73

pvl

Question 74

females middle-aged-eldery; hard palate and gingiva; could develop into verrucous carcinoma or well-diff scc

Answer 74

pvl

Question 75

___ % of patients will die with pvl associated cancers

Answer 75

40%

Question 76

even with aggressive surgical excision, __% of lesions pvl will be cancerous in 10 yrs

Answer 76

70%

Question 77

shaggy and raised; slow growing and low metastatic rate. 74% survival rate

Answer 77

verrucous carcinoma

Question 78

every patient 18 yrs of age or older shoul dbe

Answer 78

screened 1x/year

Question 79

high risk patients should be screened every

Answer 79

6 months

Question 80

__% of incidence of oral scc found among patients who had never smoked according to one study

Answer 80

33%