infectious diseases Flashcards
1
Q
what bac is impetigo caused from
A
strep pyogenes and staph aureus
2
Q
vesicles that rupture, resulting in thick, amber colored crusts or longer lasting bullae
A
impetigo
3
Q
lesions may itch- pruritius
A
impetigo
4
Q
what bac causes tonsillitis and pharyngitis
A
group a beta hemolytic strep
5
Q
petechiae and strawberry tongue(fungiform are red)
A
scarlet fever
6
Q
childhood disease that follows group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection 3% of strep cases get this
A
rheumatic fever
7
Q
heart valve damage may occur; this may require the patient to be premedicated prior to dental treatment
A
rheumatic fever
8
Q
involvement of organs such as kidney and liver in widespread areas of the body
A
miliary tb
9
Q
involvement of submandibular and cervical lymph nodes
A
scrofula(tb)
10
Q
chronic granulomatous lesions with areas of necrosis surrounded by macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes
A
tb
11
Q
occupationally transmitted disease in dentistry
A
tb
12
Q
combination meds including inh and rifampin
A
tb
13
Q
what is actinomycosis caused by
A
actinomyces israelii
14
Q
sulfur granules
A
actinomycosis
15
Q
what is syphilis caused by
A
treponema pallidum
16
Q
std; transmitted by direct contact
A
syphilis
17
Q
chancre; forms where the spirochete enters the body; highly infectious; heals spontaneously and the disease enters a latent period
A
primary syphilis
18
Q
diffuse eruptions occur on skin and mucous membranes; oral lesions are called mucous patches(most infectious);snail trail ulcers; very infectious, windy, irregular lesions
A
secondary stage syphilis
19
Q
chiefly involves the cardiovascular system and the nervous system; gumma(firm noninfectious mass; destructive lesion that can result in perforation of palatal bone
A
tertiary stage syphilis
20
Q
chancre
A
primary syphilis
21
Q
mucous patch
A
secondary syphilis
22
Q
none(syphilis)
A
latent period
23
Q
gumma
A
tertiary syphilis
24
Q
what is syphilis treated with
A
penicillin
25
painful, erythematous gingivitis with necrosis of interdental papillae
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
26
most likely caused by both fusiform bacillus and a spirochete(borrelia vincentii)
nug
27
inflammation around the crown of a partially erupted impacted tooth; trauma from an opposing molar and impacted food under the soft tissue flap(operculum) may precipitate
pericoronitis
28
posterior mandible
osteomyelitis
29
a white curdlike material is present on mucosal surface; burning sensation; can be scraped off to reveal underlying erythematous inflammatory base
pseudomembrane candidiasis
30
the presenting complaint is an erythematous , often painful mucosa
erythematous candida
31
focal areas of erythema and lingual depapillation are characteristics of
chronic candidiasis in patients with xerostomia
32
what is the most common type of candidiasis
denture stomatitis(chronic atrophic candidiasis)
33
mucosa is erythematous, but the change is limited to the mucosa covered by a full or partial denture; follows the outline of the rpd or denture
denture stomatitis
34
a white lesion that does not wipe off the mucosa; will respond to antifungal meds
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis(candidal leukoplakia)
35
appears as an erythematous region devoid of papillae on posterior dorsum of tongue
median rhomboid glossitis
36
histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis
deep fungal infections
37
what do deep fungal infections primarily involve?
lungs
38
rare fungal infection; organism found in soil and usually nonpathogenic; may occur with diabetic and debilitated patients; proliferating or destructive mass in the maxilla
mucormycosis
39
what are the human papillomavirus infections
verruca vulgaris; condyloma acuminatum, focal epithelial hyperplasia
40
papillary oral lesion caused by a papillomavirus; transmitted from skin to oral mucosa; autoinoculation
verruca vulgaris(common wart)
41
diagnosis of verruca vulgaris
koilocytes with clear cytoplasm
42
benign papillary lesion caused by papillomavirus; std; cobblestoned; pink masses that can occur anywhere in oral mucosa; multiple lesions present; contain koilocytes(sessile areas of epithelial hyperplasia
condyloma acuminatum
43
what color is condyloma
pink
44
what color is verruca vulgaris
white
45
characterized by presence of multiple, whitish to pale pink nodules; common in children; asymptomatic and do not require treatment
focal epithelial hyperplasia(heck disease)
46
herpes simplex is one of a group of viruses called
human herpes virus(hhv)
47
oral disease caused by initial infection with herpes simplex; painful swollen gingiva mutltiple tiny veiscles; these turn into ragged ulcers
primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
48
vesicles progress to form ulcers; fever, malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy; children
primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
49
the virus tends to persist in a latent state in trigeminal ganglion;
reccurent herpes simplex infection
50
how much of population US experiences recurrent herpes simplex infections
1/3- 1/2
51
what is the most common location for recurrent infection(on fixed mucosa)
lips- herpes labialis(cold sore or fever blister)
52
what can recurrent herpes be triggered by
stress, sunlight, menstration, fatigue, fever
53
where does recurrent herpes simplex occur
intraorally on keratinized mucosa that is attached to bone(fixed mucosa)
54
the highest amount of reccurent herpes virus is highest in the ____ stage
vesicle
55
primary infection of recurrent herpes is where
at site of inoculation
56
painful infection of fingers due to a primary or secondary infection(herpes); site of inoculation becomes inflammed and painful
herpetic whitlow
57
causes both chicken pox(varicalla) and herpes zoster(shingles); respiratory aerosols and contact with secretions from skin lesions transmit virus
varicella-zoster virus
58
what is the primary infection of varicella
chicken pox
59
secondary chicken pox
shingles(herpes zoster)
60
any branchof the trigeminal nerve may be involved if lesions affect face
herpes zoster
61
what virus causes infectious mononucleosis
epstein-barr virus
62
characterized by sore throat, fever, gen lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, malaise and fatigue*** petechiae***
infectious mono
63
large atypical t lymphocytes
infectious mono
64
what causes hairy leukoplakia
epstien barr
65
lateral border of tongue(white corrugated)
hairy leukoplakia
66
herpangina, hand foot mouth disease, acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
coxsackievirus
67
fever, malaise, sore throat, difficulty swallowing(dysphagia); vesicles on soft palate; erythematous pharyngits
herpangina
68
epidemics in children less than 5 yrs old; mult macules or papules occur on skin, feet, toes, hands, fingers; painful vesicles in mouth
hand foot mouth disease
69
begins with mild fever, poor apetitie, malaise, and sore throat; 2 days after fever begins, painful sores develop in mouth; begin as small red spots that blister and become ulcers(tongue, gums, insides of cheeks
hand foot mouth
70
incubation period of hand foot mouth
3-7 days
71
first symptom of hand foot mouth
fever
72
fever, sore throat, milk headache; hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of soft palate or tonsillar pillars appears as yellowish or dark pink nodules; 2 weeks
acute lymponodular pharyngitis
73
what are measles caused by
paramyxovirus
74
koplik spots
measles
75
what are the mumps caused by
paramyxovirus
76
viral infection of salivary glands;; bilateral swellings of parotid glands
mmps
77
what cells do hiv infect
cd4 t helper lymphocytes
78
< 200 cd4 lymphocytes per microliter of blood
aids
79
what is the most definite test for hiv
western blot test
80
aids related complex is occurence of several sings and symptoms together which are
candidiasis, fatigue, weight loss, lymphadenopathy
81
antibodies to hiv usually begin to become detectable about __ weeks following infection
6 weeks
82
used to measure the amoun of hiv circulating in serum
pcr
83
measured amount of hiv is called
viral load
84
oral lesions develop in hiv patients due to
deficiency in cmi and depletion of t-helper cells
85
in hiv positive patients, ___ generally signals the beginning of progressively sever immunodeficiency
oral candidiasis
86
an ulceration due to herpes simplex that has been present for more than __ meets the criteria for diagnosis of aids
1 month
87
one of the opportunistic infections that occur in patients with hiv infection
kaposi sarcoma
88
herpes virus(HHV-8) or KSHV has been associated; multiple bluish, blackish, reddish blotches that are usually flat in early stages
kaposi sarcoma
89
a malignant tumor that may occur in associated with hiv infection; non ulcerated, necrotic or ulcerated mass; epstein barr associated with this
lymphoma
90
spontaneous bleeding, punctate or petechiae-like lesions on attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa, bandlike erythema of gingiva that does not respond to therapy; occurs independently of oral hygiene status even after scaling
linear gingival erythema
91
bright red line along the border of the free gingival margin
linear gingival erythema
92
characterized by intense erythema and extremely rapid bone loss; necrotizing stomatitis
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
93
extensive focal areas of bone loss along with features of nup
necrotizing stomatitis
94
can a decrease in platelets be seen in patients with hiv
yes
95
can bilateral parotid gland enlargement occur in patients hiv positive
yes
