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Parasitology > Quiz 1 Pages 1 - 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Pages 1 - 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle. Where does it occur? What parasite possess it as a part of their reproduction.

A

Parasites (Sporozoites) infect liver cells, form schizonts (multiply by schizogony), and rupture (release merozoites). Can reinfect more liver cells and therefore continue the cycle. In the liver. Plasmodium.

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2
Q

What is the natural substance used to kill Plasmodium falciparumi?

A

Quinine

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3
Q

What are the two terms for Parasite ecological niches and define them?

A

Coelozoic (live in hollow organs) and histozoic (live in tissues)

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4
Q

What are the three major families of Kinetoplasta?

A

Bodonidae, cryptobiidae, trypanosomatidae

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5
Q

What is the lifecycle of Trypanosomtidae called and define?

A

Heteroxenous - requires more than one host

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6
Q

What are the two parasite groups based on their development inside ahost insect?

A

Salivaria and Stercoraria (describe them)

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7
Q

What are the three Salivaria Trypanosoma brucei subspecies?

A

T b brucei, T b gambiense, T b rhodisense

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8
Q

Which parasite causes slow developing African trypanosomiasis?

A

T b gambiense

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9
Q

What is the infective stage of African sleeping sickness?

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

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10
Q

What is the full name of the parasite that can be found in cats that are known to influence the behavior of miceby making them bold and attracted to cat pee?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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11
Q

Name two species of Plasmodium that cause malaria.

A

P falciparum, P ovale, P malariae, P vivax

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12
Q

What word can be used to describe a parasite shared between animals and humans?

A

Zoonotic

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13
Q

In the context of Parasitology, define “commensalism”

A

Parasite benefits, host is neither helped nor harmed

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14
Q

What is an important component of bug spray, designed to repel mosquitos?

A

DEET.

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15
Q

African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness) is transmitted to humans by tsetse flies. What is the genus name of the tsetse fly?

A

Glossina

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16
Q

There are several possible ways of treating African Sleeping Sickness. Name two of the medications that can be used to treat it.

A

Pentamidine, Suramin, Sanofi

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17
Q

Where in humans does the Trichomonas vaginalis parasitize? Name two ways in which it can be transmitted.

A

Vagina, urethra, and prostate. Sexual disease or through damp clothes.

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18
Q

Name the threegenera within sarcodina which are known to contain parasites or commensals of humans

A

Entamoeba, endolimax and iodamoeba

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19
Q

How is Entamoeba histolytica transmitted? in what form is it transmitted?

A

Ingestion of cysts on fecally contaminated food or hands.

Cysts.

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20
Q

List 3 ways to control/prevent malaria

A

Medication, bed nets, screens, education, treat building walls, special clothing, etc

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21
Q

What are the 3 cylces involved in Plasmodium falciparum’s life cycle?

A

Exo-erythrocytic, erythrocytic and sporogonic

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22
Q

What is the name of the accidental parasite that was mentioned in class?

A

Naegleria fowleri

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23
Q

What is the difference between a parasite and a parasitoid?

A 
Parasite = smaller than host, want host to live long enough for them to get what they need
Parasitoid = similar size to host, doesnt care if host dies
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24
Q

Are protozoa ammonotelic or uricotelic?

A

Ammonotelic

25
Q

Define Heteroxenous

A

Requiring more than one host to complete their life cycle

26
Q

What is the name Apicomplexa derived from, and what are its specialcomponents?

A

Apical complex (present in all members of the group) –> polar ring, roptry, micronemes, and conoid

27
Q

Give a brief description of what occurs during sporogeny, merogeny, and gametogeny.

A 
Sporogony = formation and maturation of infective stage
Merogony/Schizogony = asexual reproduction (results in multiple daughter cells)
Gametogony = formation of gametes (sexual phase)
28
Q

Where does the exo-erythrocytic cycle occur?

A

The liver

29
Q

Define definitive host and intermediate host

A

Definitive host = where the parasite reaches sexual maturity

Intermediate host = where development occurs (only asexual reproduction)

30
Q

Name 3 organisms Metronidazole can be used to treat

A

Entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, and giardia lamblia.

31
Q

What parasites are phagocytized by phagocytes in humans?

A

Leishmania (3 species)

32
Q

What is a common reservoir of Leishmania?

A

Dogs and rodents are common reservoir of Leishmania

33
Q

List three organelles parasites use for locomotion.

A

Flagella, cilia, pseudopodia

34
Q

Which parasite causes sleeping sickness to develop slowly?

A

T b gambiense

35
Q

Which parasite causes sleeping sickness to develop rapidly?

A

T b rhodiensie

36
Q

Which parasite causes chagas disease?

A

T cruzi

37
Q

Which species of Leishmania are pathogenic for man?

A

L donovani, L tropica, L brasiliense

38
Q

What is a facultative parasite?

A

Can live without a host (or with one)

39
Q

What is a paratenic host?

A

Transport host. No development occurs but remains alive and infectious to another host.

40
Q

What are the factors that affect a parasites ecological niche?

A

The resources provided by the host and abiotic conditions.

41
Q

Define: Metapopulation, intensity and prevalence?

A 
Metapopulation = all the infrapopulations within a single host species in the ecosystem
Intensity = average number of parasites per host
Prevalence = % of hosts infected at a given time
42
Q

List 5 morphological features of protozoa

A

Plasma membrane, pellicle, alveoli, glycocalyx, pellicular microtubules, undulating membranes, Golgi apparatus, microbodies

43
Q

What is schizogony?

A

multiple fission – nucleus divides numerous times before cytokinesis occurs, resulting in many daughter cells at the same time

44
Q

What is a kinetoplast?

A

Disc shaped, dense, darkly staining, DNA containing organelle within the mitochondrion

45
Q

What are the 2 groups of trypnanosoma species based on their development in insect host and explain?

A

Salivaria and Stercoraria

46
Q

What are the signs/stages of African sleeping sickness disease

A

1) Chancre
2) Winterbottom signs
3) Neurological symptoms (and marked wasting)

47
Q

List 2 vectors of American trypananosmiasis

A

Triatoma, Panstongylus, Rhodnius

48
Q

What is Ramana’s sign?

A

True bug bite on face - eyelid and area around eye gets really swollen (swelling of the periorbital area)

49
Q

What are the morphological features of trichomonas vaginalis? Its habitat in host? And treatment?

A

1 nucleus, 4 anterior flagella and a lateral flagellum attached via undulating membrane.
Vaginal/urethral and prostatic tissue
Metronidazole

50
Q

What are the signs and symptoms associated with complicated malaria

A

Cerebral malaria (abnormal behaviour, impairment of consciousness, seizures, coma, etc)
Severe anemia and hemoglobinuria due to hemolysis
Pulmonary adema or ARDS
Abnormalities in blood coagulation and thrombocytopenia
Cardiovascular collapse and shock

51
Q

What is the treatment for Babesia microti?

A

Clindamycin and quinine

52
Q

What is the definitive host of toxoplasma?

A

Cats (wild and domestic)

53
Q

What parasites can Metronidazole be used to treat? Give 2.

A

Giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis

54
Q

What are the 4 components of the Apical complex?

A

Polar ring, micronemes, roptry, conoid

55
Q

Why is there no one drug to cure malaria?

A

Chemicals are only good for a few years because plasmodium changes its surface antigens and can get resistant very quickly.

56
Q

What is the difference between salivaria and stercoraria parasites?

A 
Salivary = develop in the anterior part of the insect’s digestive tract and undergo anterior station development before travelling to salivary glands. Parasites are transmitted via saliva/bite.
Stercoraria = develop in the handgun of insect’s digestive tract and undergo posterior station development and move to the anus. When arthropod feeds, it defecates, and when host scratches the bite that introduces the parasites into the bite wound.
57
Q

Define ammonotelic, ureotelic and uricotelic and give an example of an organism that does each.

A 
Ammonotelic = excrete most of their Nitrogen as ammonia. Ex: any named protist, bony fish, etc
Ureotelic = excretes excess nitrogen as urea. Ex: Mammals, frogs turtles, humans, etc
Uricotelic = excretes nitrogen as uric acid or its salts Ex: birds, lizards, snakes, etc
58
Q

Explain how local traditions can contribute to the spread of parasites.

A

Using fresh water for drinking without boiling, using a single stream for laundry/washing/drinking and therefore increasing the risks of contamination, eating certain types of food without proper preparation (ex fresh fish without cooking).

59
Q

Define 2 of epizootics, zoonosis, symbiosis, and phoresis.

A

Epizootics: massive deaths of wild animals infected with parasites. Zoonosis: transmission to humans of parasites normally found in wild and domestic animals. Symbiosis: living together. Phoresis: travelling together.

Parasitology (18 decks)

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