Arthropoda - Insecta - Diptera

Question 1

2 Suborders of Diptera

Answer 1

1. Nematocera (mosquitoes, midges, sandflies, black flies - long antennae)
2. Brachycera (Tsetse flies, stable flies, horse/deer flies - short antennae)

Question 2

Mosquitoes

family and diseases

Answer 2

Family Culicidae
Mosquito vectored diseases include: protozoan diseases (malaria), filarial diseases (dog heartworm) and viruses (dengue, yellow fever)

Question 3

General life cycle

Answer 3

Adult –> raft of eggs on water’s surface –> larvae just under water’s surface (respirate via siphon) –> pupa (just under water’s surface - can swim)

Question 4

Anopheles spp

Answer 4

Suborder Nematocera
Only known vectors of malaria
Palpus long as proboscis

Question 5

Yellow Fever Mosquito

Answer 5

Aedes aegypti

Vector for the viruses that cause dengue and yellow fever

Question 6

Yellow fever

Answer 6

Virus of family Flaviviridae
Symptoms: high fever, headache, malaise, prostration, nausea, slow pulse and vomiting, (second phase–>) jaundice, internal bleeding, blood in urine, black vomit, kidney or liver failure

Question 7

West Nile virus

Answer 7

Virus of family Flaviviridae
Transmitted from birds to humans by Culex spp
Most likely asymptomatic
WN fever: fever, head/body ache, nausea, vomiting, rash
WN disease: encephalitis or meningitis, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, vision loss, numbness, paralysis
Neurological effects may be permanent

Question 8

Family Ceratopogonidae

Answer 8

Biting midges, punkies, no-see-ums

Have digestive enzymes that cause bad allergic reactions

Question 9

Biting midges

Answer 9

Family Ceratopogonidae
Females feed on blood
Strong allergic reactions
Complete metamorphosis

Question 10

Black flies

family, vector for what disease

Answer 10

Family Simuliidae

Vector of river blindness

Question 11

Sand flies

subfamily, etc

Answer 11

Subfamily Phlebotominae
Active at early morning, evening and night
Females need blood for egg production
This subfamily is the primary vector for leishmaniasis

Question 12

Family Tabanidae

Answer 12

Horse (Tabanus spp) and deer (Chrysops spp) flies

Vectors of many diseases

Question 13

Tabanus vs Chrysops

1. Body length
2. Antennae
3. Ocelli
4. Wings

Answer 13

Horse vs Deer Flies

1. 10-30mm vs 6-11mm
2. Short, base of flagellum enlarged vs Long, base of flagellum not enlarged
3. Vestigial or lacking vs Present
4. Clear, cloudy or spotted vs Distinctly banded

Question 14

Stable flies

Answer 14

Stomoxys calcitrans
Family Muscidae
Both sexes are parasitic
Feed mainly on cattle or horses
Damage: anemia, weight loss, reduced milk production, destroy hides
Vector of anthrax, trypanosoma, and brucellosis

Question 15

3 types of flies

Answer 15

1. Flies that cause myiasis
2. Flies that bite and cause annoyance and/or transmit disease
3. Filth flies

Question 16

3 main families of flies

Answer 16

1. Oestroidea (botflies)
2. Calliphoridae (blowflies)
3. Sarcophagidae (fleshflies)

Question 17

2 Example flies in family Oestroidea

Answer 17

Dermatobia hominis
Cuterebra spp.
(botflies)

Question 18

The sheep ked

Answer 18

Melophagus ovinus
Bites and scratches the sheep, making firm, hard nodules that develop on the top layer of the skin called cockle - reduces the value of the hide
Gives the wool a “dirty classification” - reduces value of wool too

Question 19

Example of worm in Calliphordae family

Answer 19

Blow Flies
Cochliomyia hominivorax (screw fly)

Question 20

What is the name of the helpful maggot?

Answer 20

Lucilia sericata (Phaenicia sericata)
Used to clean non-healing wounds

Question 21

3 things medical maggots do

Answer 21

Lucilia sericata (Phaenicia sericata)

1. Clean out wounds by eating dead tissue
2. Kill off bacteria
3. Stimulate wound healing

Question 22

Parasitoid wasps

Answer 22

Order Hymenoptera
Specialized, smaller, only female searches for host, eggs or larvae are laid on/in/near host, immatures almost always kill host

Question 23

2 families of parasitoid wasps

Answer 23

1. Braconidae

2. Ichneumonidae