Arthropoda - Insecta - Diptera Flashcards
2 Suborders of Diptera
- Nematocera (mosquitoes, midges, sandflies, black flies - long antennae)
- Brachycera (Tsetse flies, stable flies, horse/deer flies - short antennae)
Mosquitoes
family and diseases
Family Culicidae
Mosquito vectored diseases include: protozoan diseases (malaria), filarial diseases (dog heartworm) and viruses (dengue, yellow fever)
General life cycle
Adult –> raft of eggs on water’s surface –> larvae just under water’s surface (respirate via siphon) –> pupa (just under water’s surface - can swim)
Anopheles spp
Suborder Nematocera
Only known vectors of malaria
Palpus long as proboscis
Yellow Fever Mosquito
Aedes aegypti
Vector for the viruses that cause dengue and yellow fever
Yellow fever
Virus of family Flaviviridae
Symptoms: high fever, headache, malaise, prostration, nausea, slow pulse and vomiting, (second phase–>) jaundice, internal bleeding, blood in urine, black vomit, kidney or liver failure
West Nile virus
Virus of family Flaviviridae
Transmitted from birds to humans by Culex spp
Most likely asymptomatic
WN fever: fever, head/body ache, nausea, vomiting, rash
WN disease: encephalitis or meningitis, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, vision loss, numbness, paralysis
Neurological effects may be permanent
Family Ceratopogonidae
Biting midges, punkies, no-see-ums
Have digestive enzymes that cause bad allergic reactions
Biting midges
Family Ceratopogonidae
Females feed on blood
Strong allergic reactions
Complete metamorphosis
Black flies
family, vector for what disease
Family Simuliidae
Vector of river blindness
Sand flies
subfamily, etc
Subfamily Phlebotominae
Active at early morning, evening and night
Females need blood for egg production
This subfamily is the primary vector for leishmaniasis
Family Tabanidae
Horse (Tabanus spp) and deer (Chrysops spp) flies
Vectors of many diseases
Tabanus vs Chrysops
- Body length
- Antennae
- Ocelli
- Wings
Horse vs Deer Flies
- 10-30mm vs 6-11mm
- Short, base of flagellum enlarged vs Long, base of flagellum not enlarged
- Vestigial or lacking vs Present
- Clear, cloudy or spotted vs Distinctly banded
Stable flies
Stomoxys calcitrans
Family Muscidae
Both sexes are parasitic
Feed mainly on cattle or horses
Damage: anemia, weight loss, reduced milk production, destroy hides
Vector of anthrax, trypanosoma, and brucellosis
3 types of flies
- Flies that cause myiasis
- Flies that bite and cause annoyance and/or transmit disease
- Filth flies
3 main families of flies
- Oestroidea (botflies)
- Calliphoridae (blowflies)
- Sarcophagidae (fleshflies)
2 Example flies in family Oestroidea
Dermatobia hominis
Cuterebra spp.
(botflies)
The sheep ked
Melophagus ovinus
Bites and scratches the sheep, making firm, hard nodules that develop on the top layer of the skin called cockle - reduces the value of the hide
Gives the wool a “dirty classification” - reduces value of wool too
Example of worm in Calliphordae family
Blow Flies Cochliomyia hominivorax (screw fly)
What is the name of the helpful maggot?
Lucilia sericata (Phaenicia sericata) Used to clean non-healing wounds
3 things medical maggots do
Lucilia sericata (Phaenicia sericata)
- Clean out wounds by eating dead tissue
- Kill off bacteria
- Stimulate wound healing
Parasitoid wasps
Order Hymenoptera
Specialized, smaller, only female searches for host, eggs or larvae are laid on/in/near host, immatures almost always kill host
2 families of parasitoid wasps
- Braconidae
2. Ichneumonidae
