quiz 1 module 1: part C Flashcards
obtaining consent=
not a discrete event, is a process that should occur throughout the relationship between the patient and all HCPs
3 components for legal consent to be valid
- disclosure
- capacity
- voluntariness
what is disclosure
- provision of information
- benefits and risks of treatment
what is capacity
ability to understand relevant information and consequences of decision
what is voluntariness
making a decision without coercion, force, or manipulation from others
4 types of consent
- informed
- expressed
- implied
- informed cultural consent
what is informed consent
-process of communication between a doctor/nurse that discloses all relevant info related to treatment, full opportunity for questions, concerns BEFORE the patient signs the legal document
what is expressed consent
clear statement made by the patient, written or oral
what is implied consent
- nonverbal behaviours that indicate consent
- during surgery when additional procedures are necessary, this is on general consent form
- in an emergency
what is informed cultural consent
- type of informed consent
- needs to be reframed within a cultural context or the consent is not valid
under common law, treating a competent patient without obtaining consent or treating a patient who is refusing treatment is considered..
battery
treating a patient w/o fully informed consent constitutes..
negligence
what are substitute decision makers
-person with the best knowledge of the patients specific wishes or of the patients values and beliefs
what is microbiology
always sterile, the green sheet
- viral studies
- bacterial culture
- antibiotic sensitivity
- fungal screening
what is an XRAY
produced when electrons absorb some of a structures intensity as they pass through it at the speed of light
-dense areas white, air filled areas black
what is an ultrasound
- imaging technique that uses high-freq sound waves to acquire real time images
- usefel for abdominal contents, pelvis, muscles, pregnancies, vessels, heart
CT scan
computerized x ray machine 2D, uses iozing X rays -contrast (IV) agents used -highlight tissues, organs, blood vessels -watch for allergies
what is an MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
- uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves
- does not use radiation
- contrast can be used
what is tested for diabetes
RBC, FBS, glucose tolerance test, Hgb, A1C
what is tested in a liver function test
bilirubin, total protein, albumin, AST, ALP, GGT-Y, LDH, amylase, ammonia
what is tested in a renal function test
BUN, creatinine, GFR
what is tested for cardiac markers
BNP, CK, CK-MB, myoglobin, troponin L and T
what do the kidneys do?
dilute or concentrate urine regulate electrolytes effect blood chemistry effect BP respond to hormones- ADH, aldosterone, parathyroid
renal function tests- what is BUN
blood urea nitrogen, normal contains 2-7.5 mml/L of urea
what is AST
an enzyme found in hepatic and myocardial cells
what is ALT
enzyme with highest concentration found in liver
both AST and ALT are..
released into blood when liver cells are damaged
