quiz 1 module 1: part C

Question 1

obtaining consent=

Answer 1

not a discrete event, is a process that should occur throughout the relationship between the patient and all HCPs

Question 2

3 components for legal consent to be valid

Answer 2

• disclosure
• capacity
• voluntariness

Question 3

what is disclosure

Answer 3

• provision of information

- benefits and risks of treatment

Question 4

what is capacity

Answer 4

ability to understand relevant information and consequences of decision

Question 5

what is voluntariness

Answer 5

making a decision without coercion, force, or manipulation from others

Question 6

4 types of consent

Answer 6

• informed
• expressed
• implied
• informed cultural consent

Question 7

what is informed consent

Answer 7

-process of communication between a doctor/nurse that discloses all relevant info related to treatment, full opportunity for questions, concerns BEFORE the patient signs the legal document

Question 8

what is expressed consent

Answer 8

clear statement made by the patient, written or oral

Question 9

what is implied consent

Answer 9

• nonverbal behaviours that indicate consent
• during surgery when additional procedures are necessary, this is on general consent form
• in an emergency

Question 10

what is informed cultural consent

Answer 10

• type of informed consent

- needs to be reframed within a cultural context or the consent is not valid

Question 11

under common law, treating a competent patient without obtaining consent or treating a patient who is refusing treatment is considered..

Answer 11

battery

Question 12

treating a patient w/o fully informed consent constitutes..

Answer 12

negligence

Question 13

what are substitute decision makers

Answer 13

-person with the best knowledge of the patients specific wishes or of the patients values and beliefs

Question 14

what is microbiology

Answer 14

always sterile, the green sheet

• viral studies
• bacterial culture
• antibiotic sensitivity
• fungal screening

Question 15

what is an XRAY

Answer 15

produced when electrons absorb some of a structures intensity as they pass through it at the speed of light
-dense areas white, air filled areas black

Question 16

what is an ultrasound

Answer 16

• imaging technique that uses high-freq sound waves to acquire real time images
• usefel for abdominal contents, pelvis, muscles, pregnancies, vessels, heart

Question 17

CT scan

Answer 17

computerized x ray machine
2D, uses iozing X rays 
-contrast (IV) agents used 
-highlight tissues, organs, blood vessels
-watch for allergies

Question 18

what is an MRI

Answer 18

magnetic resonance imaging

• uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves
• does not use radiation
• contrast can be used

Question 19

what is tested for diabetes

Answer 19

RBC, FBS, glucose tolerance test, Hgb, A1C

Question 20

what is tested in a liver function test

Answer 20

bilirubin, total protein, albumin, AST, ALP, GGT-Y, LDH, amylase, ammonia

Question 21

what is tested in a renal function test

Answer 21

BUN, creatinine, GFR

Question 22

what is tested for cardiac markers

Answer 22

BNP, CK, CK-MB, myoglobin, troponin L and T

Question 23

what do the kidneys do?

Answer 23

dilute or concentrate urine
regulate electrolytes
effect blood chemistry 
effect BP
respond to hormones- ADH, aldosterone, parathyroid

Question 24

renal function tests- what is BUN

Answer 24

blood urea nitrogen, normal contains 2-7.5 mml/L of urea

Question 25

what is AST

Answer 25

an enzyme found in hepatic and myocardial cells

Question 26

what is ALT

Answer 26

enzyme with highest concentration found in liver

Question 27

both AST and ALT are..

Answer 27

released into blood when liver cells are damaged