Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

n232 > module 3: pain > Flashcards

module 3: pain Flashcards

1
Q

what is an analgesic?

A

relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an opioid?

A

any drug natural or synthetic that has actions similar to morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an opiate?

A

applied only to compounds present in opium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endogenous opioid peptides?

A
  • enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins
  • NT, neurohormones, neuromodulators
  • CNS and peripheral tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are opioid receptors?- Mu and Kappa

A
  • opioids dont interact with delta
  • Mu receptors: activation linked to physical dependence (analgesica, resp depression, euphoria, sedation)
  • Kappa receptors (analgesia, sedation, psychotomimetric effects)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 classifications of drugs that act at opioid receptors?

A
  • pure opioid agonists
  • agonist-antagonist opioids
  • pure opioid antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are pure opioid agonists?

A

-activate mu and kappa. analgesia, euphora, sedation, resp depression, physical depedence, constipation (codeine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are agonist-antagonist opioids?

A

-antagonize analgesia caused by pure agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are pure opioid antagonists?

A

-do not produce analgesia or anything. used to reverse resp and CNS depression (nalaxon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

other strong opioids?

A

none are better than opiods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are adjuvant analgesics and off-label uses?

A
  • complement the effects of opioids (combination)
  • enhance analgesia
  • treat side effects caused by opioids
  • neuropathic pain
  • pain relief= limited and less predictable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antidepressants?

A
  • AMITRIPTYLINE
  • can reduce pain or neuropathic origin
  • elevate mood
  • dosing at bedtime is best
  • effects start after 1-2 weeks, max after 4-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antiseizure drugs?

A
  • can help relieve neuropathic pain
  • acute pain such as sharp, darting, burning pain
  • GABAPENTIN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

marijuana?

A
  • most commonly used illicit drug

- cannabis sativa: the source of marijuana (indian hump plant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

psychoactive component of marijuana?

A

THC (high lipid solubility), highest concentration in female flowers in the flowering tops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pain is… the 5th..

A

vital sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who decides what pain is?

A

what the patient says it is!

-most common reason for seeking health care

18
Q

basic physiology of pain?

A

-travels up neuroreceptors through spinal cord–> brain–> brain back to area of pain

19
Q

different types of pain (4)?

A

acute pain- fall down stairs and break a leg
procedural pain- get appendix removed
chronic pain- persistent, starts acute and can cause chronic pain
cancer- related pain, can be chronic but is its own category

20
Q

factors influenced the pain response?

A
  • past experience
  • anxiety and depression
  • culture
  • age (elderly neurons less)
  • gender
  • genetics
  • expectations
21
Q

pain assessment?

A 
NOPRQRSTUV
norma
onset
provoking
quality
region/radiation
severity
treatment
understanding
values
22
Q

Interventions (non-pharmacological) for pain?

A
  • acupuncture
  • massage
  • heat
  • cold
  • meditation
  • relaxation therapy
  • art/music therapy
  • physical care
  • support persons
23
Q

WHO analgesic ladder?

A

bottom of ladder: nonopioid +/- adjuvant
middle of ladder: pain persisting or increasing, opioid +/- nonopioid, adjuvant
top of ladder: pain persisting or increasing, opioid for moderate to severe pain

24
Q

what is actually a definition of pain?

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

25
Q

most common reason for seeking health care?

A

pain

26
Q

what disables and distresses more than any single disease?

A

pain

27
Q

what is acute pain?

A

recent onset, specific injury

  • usually decreases as healing occurs if no lasting damage or systemic disease
  • can last from days to 6 months
28
Q

what can lead to poor assessment or uncontrolled pain?

A

lack of knowledge and misconceptions regarding pain

29
Q

what is procedural pain?

A

brief intense after diagnostic, therapeutic and preventative procedures

  • seconds to hours, may become acute pain
  • needle puncture or wound debridement and cleaning
30
Q

what is chronic pain?

A

constant or intermittent pain that persists beyond the expected healing time, usually not attributed to a specific cause or injury
-unrelieved= socioeconomic burdens

31
Q

3 categories of chronic pain?

A

-nocireceptive, neuropathic, and mixed type

32
Q

chronic nocireceptive pain?

A

-arises from constant stimulation of pain receptors and signals tissue damage in skin, bone, joints, or viscera (arthritis, fibromyalgia)

33
Q

what is allodynia?

A

pain arising from a nonpainful stimulus such as a breeze or light touch of cling or bedding. postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, phantom limb pain/sensation

34
Q

mixed chronic pain?

A

mix of neuropathic and niciceptive- migraine pain

35
Q

what is neuropathic chronic pain?

A

Triggered by nerve damage or malfunction of peripheral & central nervous systems resulting in abnormal signaling. May be due to nerve compression by tumors, nerve inflammation by infection, nerve impairment from systemic disease such as diabetes. Burning, tingling, piercing.

36
Q

harmful effects of acute pain

A

changes to pulmonary, CV, GI, endocrine, immune systems

  • more harmful to those who: age, illness, injury
  • stress response
  • unable to deep breath, fatigued, decreased mobility
37
Q

harmful effects of procedural pain

A

-cycle of pain, anxiety, fear that leads to avoidance of procedure

38
Q

harmful effects of chronic pain

A
  • suppression of immune system- promote tumor growth

- depression, disability, low quality of life, can disrupt life

39
Q

what are nociceptors?

A

neurologic transmission of pain

40
Q

do large organs have nociceptors?

A

no, you feel pain in these organs from intense stimulation of receptors that have other purposes (stretch, spasm, ischemia, dilation)

41
Q

culture and pain?

A

ppl learn from early childhood how to respond to team. no stereotyping! understand cultural differences

42
Q

gerontological considerations and pain?

A
  • loss of fibres- decreased nerve function- diminished pain perception (secondary to disease process, not really a part of normal aging)
  • smaller doses may be okay because slower metabolism
  • confusion may mean pain
  • dont base pain relief on age

n232 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions