Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

n232 > drugs > Flashcards

drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is aspirin? (known as?)

A
  • provides excellent relief of mild to moderate pain
  • reduces fever
  • protect against thrombotic disorders
  • known as ASA (acetylsalicylic acid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aspirin is the drug of choice for treating?

A

arthritis and other inflammation conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

action of aspirin?

A
  • nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase

- irresversible inhibitor which is in contrast as all other NSAIDs are reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pharmacokinetics of aspirin?

A

absorption: absorbed rapidly and completely after oral dose by small intestine
metabolism: short half life (15-20 mins)
distribution: bound to plasma albumin, undergoes distribution to all body tissues and fluids
excretion: excreted by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

therapeutic uses of aspirin?

A
  • suppression of inflammation
  • analgesia
  • reduction of fever
  • dysmenorrhea
  • suppression of platelet aggregation
  • cancer prevention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adverse effects of aspirin?

A
  • GI effects
  • bleeding
  • renal impairment
  • reyes syndrome: rare disorder that causes brain and liver damage
  • adverse use in pregnancy
  • CV events
  • hypersensitivity reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

precautions/contraindications of aspirin?

A
  • contraindicated in ppl with peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
  • drug should be used with extreme caution when pregnant and children who have chicken pox or flu
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

drug interactions with aspirin?

A
  • anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin)
  • glucocorticoids
  • alcohol
  • non-aspirin NSAIDs
  • ace inhibitors or ARBs
  • vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

acute poisoning from aspirin?

A
  • aspirin overdose produces a state of compensated resp alkalosis
  • progresses to resp depression, acidosis, hyperthermia, sweating, dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is ibuprofen?

A

anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic

  • treat pain, fever, arthritis
  • best for menstrual pains (dysmenorrhea)
  • do pose a risk of MI and stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is acetaminophen?

A
  • analgesic and antipyretic
  • does not suppress platelet aggregation or cause gastric ulceration, does not decrease renal blood flow or renal impairment
  • can cause severe liver injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mechanism of action: acetaminophen?

A
  • selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase, enzyme needed to make prostaglandins
  • decreased prostaglandins in CNS= reduce fever and pain
  • inability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis outside CNS may explain absense of anti-inflamm response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen?

A
  • readily absorbed orally
  • metabolized by the liver
  • excreted by the urine
  • half life of 2 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects of acetaminophen?

A
  • extremely rare at therapeutic doses
  • can cause hypertension if large doses for extended periods
  • anaphylaxis
  • correlation with asthma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acetaminophen drug interactions?

A
  • alcohol
  • warfarin
  • vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are cephalosporins?

A

beta-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillin

  • bactericidal
  • active against a broad spectrum of pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

action of cephalosporins?

A

bind to penicillin binding proteins and disrupt cell wall synthesis, activate autolysins
-most effective against cells undergoing active growth and division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

resistance of cephalosporins?

A

principle cause of resistance is production of beta-lactamases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins?

A

-absorption: bc of poor absorption in GI must be IV
Distribution: most of body
elimination: kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adverse effects of cephalosporins?

A
  • allergic reactions
  • bleeding
  • thrombophlebitis
  • hemolytic anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

drug interactions of cephalosporins?

A
  • alcohol
  • drugs that promote bleeding
  • calcium and ceftriaxone
  • probenecid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is vanomycin?

A
  • most widely use antibiotic in US hospitals

- for C diff, MRSA infection

23
Q

action of vanomycin?

A

-inhibits cell wall synthesis, thereby promotes bacterial lysis and death, disrupts cell wall by binding to molecules that serve as precursors for cell wall synthesis

24
Q

why is ASA not a good med to take for treating fever?

A
  • can thin your blood

- potential for rhys syndrome in kids causes swelling of brain

25
Q

inflammation drugs?

A

-NSAIDs, ibuprofen, ASA

26
Q

antipyretics?

A

acetaminophen, ASA, ibuprofen?

27
Q

drugs for infection?

A

antimicrobial agents

antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal

28
Q

cefazolin and vanomycin are?

A

antibacterial agents

29
Q

common side effects of antibiotics?

A
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • nephrotoxicity
  • hepatotoxicity
30
Q

what is fentanyl?

A

a opioid analgesic

-binds to opioid receptors in CNS, alters perception of painful stimuli and generalized CNS depression

31
Q

parenteral vs transdermal use of fentanyl?

A

parenteral: pre/post anesthesia
transdermal: moderate to severe chronic pain in opioid tolerant pt requiring 24/7 treatment

32
Q

effectiveness of fentanyl patch?

A

reaches effectiveness at 24 hours and remains effective for 48 hours

33
Q

can you apply heat to a fentanyl patch?

A

no

34
Q

how do you dispose of a fentanyl patch?

A

fold it in half and dispose it in the sharps bin

35
Q

what to do if overdose of fentanyl?

A

take patch off and admin narcan

36
Q

potency of fentanyl?

A

it is 100x more potent than morphine. measured in mcg not mg

37
Q

what is hydromorphone?

A

an opioid analgesic

  • known as dilaudid
  • binds to opioid receptors in CNS, alters perception of pain
38
Q

indication for hydromorphone?

A

moderate to severe pain

39
Q

side effects of hydromorphone?

A

-resp depression, constipation, sedatio

crosses placenta/breast milk

40
Q

contraindications of hydromorphone?

A

hypersensitivity and pregnancy

41
Q

what is ibuprofen?

A

advil

-antipyretic and NSAID

42
Q

why is ibuprofen used instead of tylenol?

A

if pt has fever and inflammation, not just fever

43
Q

side effects of ibuprofen?

A

nausea, GI bleed, HF, MI, stroke

44
Q

ibuprofen is the superior NSAID for?

A

dysmenorrhea (period cramps)

45
Q

which drug for fever if pregnant?

A

acetaminophen

46
Q

should u drink alcohol with ibuprofen?

A

no

47
Q

what is naloxone?

A

a opioid antagonist (blocks opioid actions)

-reverse resp depression, coma, analgesia

48
Q

route for naloxone?

A

no oral because of first pass effect, only IV, IM or Subq, nasal spray

49
Q

elimination of naloxone?

A

eliminated by hepatic metabolism

50
Q

when is naloxone used?

A

overdose or suspected overdose

51
Q

what is morphine

A

strong opioid analgesic

-relieves pain, causes drowsiness and reduces anxiety

52
Q

how should morphine be administered?

A

oral for chronic severe pain
avoid subq and im
IV slowly over 4-5 mins

53
Q

side effects of morphine?

A

resp depression, constipation

n232 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions