drugs Flashcards
what is aspirin? (known as?)
- provides excellent relief of mild to moderate pain
- reduces fever
- protect against thrombotic disorders
- known as ASA (acetylsalicylic acid)
Aspirin is the drug of choice for treating?
arthritis and other inflammation conditions
action of aspirin?
- nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase
- irresversible inhibitor which is in contrast as all other NSAIDs are reversible
pharmacokinetics of aspirin?
absorption: absorbed rapidly and completely after oral dose by small intestine
metabolism: short half life (15-20 mins)
distribution: bound to plasma albumin, undergoes distribution to all body tissues and fluids
excretion: excreted by the kidneys
therapeutic uses of aspirin?
- suppression of inflammation
- analgesia
- reduction of fever
- dysmenorrhea
- suppression of platelet aggregation
- cancer prevention
adverse effects of aspirin?
- GI effects
- bleeding
- renal impairment
- reyes syndrome: rare disorder that causes brain and liver damage
- adverse use in pregnancy
- CV events
- hypersensitivity reactions
precautions/contraindications of aspirin?
- contraindicated in ppl with peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
- drug should be used with extreme caution when pregnant and children who have chicken pox or flu
drug interactions with aspirin?
- anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin)
- glucocorticoids
- alcohol
- non-aspirin NSAIDs
- ace inhibitors or ARBs
- vaccines
acute poisoning from aspirin?
- aspirin overdose produces a state of compensated resp alkalosis
- progresses to resp depression, acidosis, hyperthermia, sweating, dehydration
what is ibuprofen?
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
- treat pain, fever, arthritis
- best for menstrual pains (dysmenorrhea)
- do pose a risk of MI and stroke
what is acetaminophen?
- analgesic and antipyretic
- does not suppress platelet aggregation or cause gastric ulceration, does not decrease renal blood flow or renal impairment
- can cause severe liver injury
mechanism of action: acetaminophen?
- selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase, enzyme needed to make prostaglandins
- decreased prostaglandins in CNS= reduce fever and pain
- inability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis outside CNS may explain absense of anti-inflamm response
pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen?
- readily absorbed orally
- metabolized by the liver
- excreted by the urine
- half life of 2 hours
adverse effects of acetaminophen?
- extremely rare at therapeutic doses
- can cause hypertension if large doses for extended periods
- anaphylaxis
- correlation with asthma
acetaminophen drug interactions?
- alcohol
- warfarin
- vaccines
what are cephalosporins?
beta-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillin
- bactericidal
- active against a broad spectrum of pathogens
action of cephalosporins?
bind to penicillin binding proteins and disrupt cell wall synthesis, activate autolysins
-most effective against cells undergoing active growth and division
resistance of cephalosporins?
principle cause of resistance is production of beta-lactamases
pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins?
-absorption: bc of poor absorption in GI must be IV
Distribution: most of body
elimination: kidneys
adverse effects of cephalosporins?
- allergic reactions
- bleeding
- thrombophlebitis
- hemolytic anemia
drug interactions of cephalosporins?
- alcohol
- drugs that promote bleeding
- calcium and ceftriaxone
- probenecid
what is vanomycin?
- most widely use antibiotic in US hospitals
- for C diff, MRSA infection
action of vanomycin?
-inhibits cell wall synthesis, thereby promotes bacterial lysis and death, disrupts cell wall by binding to molecules that serve as precursors for cell wall synthesis
why is ASA not a good med to take for treating fever?
- can thin your blood
- potential for rhys syndrome in kids causes swelling of brain
