diagnostics/labs

Question 1

inflammation can be diagnosed by which tests?

Answer 1

• WBC
• Differential
• C-reactive protein
• rheumatoid factor

Question 2

Infection can be identified by?

Answer 2

• WBC
• differential
• C-reactive protein
• procalcitonin
• identification of an organism
• gram stain
• culture and sensitivity

Question 3

WBCs

Answer 3

4-10.5 x10^9/L

• primary defense system
• lifespan is 13-20 days
• destroyed by lymphatic system

Question 4

WBCs differential

Answer 4

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 5

neutrophils indicate? and lab number

Answer 5

bacterial or pyogenic infection

-2.00-6.00 x10^9/L

Question 6

eosinophils indicate?

Answer 6

allergic or parasitic

0.0-0.45x10^9/L

Question 7

basophils indicate?

Answer 7

parasitic or allergic

0.0-0.10 x10^9/L

Question 8

lymphocytes indicate?

Answer 8

viral infections

1-4 x10^9L

Question 9

monocytes indicate?

Answer 9

chronic infections (phagocytosis)
0.10-0.80x10^9/L

Question 10

procalcitonin indicator of?

Answer 10

whether or not bacterial infection

Question 11

rheumatoid factor?

Answer 11

positive results= likely diagnosis of rhumatoid arthritis

negative result- less than 60

Question 12

CRP?

Answer 12

non-specific indicator of inflammation

-elevated in persons with significant inflammation

Question 13

procalcitonin?

Answer 13

detect or rule out bacterial sepsis

• high levels= high probability of bacterial sepsis
• low levels= low probability

Question 14

RBC lab values

Answer 14

3.8-5.20 x10^12/L

Question 15

HgB lab values

Answer 15

120-150 g/L

Question 16

HCT lab values

Answer 16

0.35-0.48 L/L

Question 17

platelet lab values

Answer 17

150-400 x10^9/L

Question 18

Na lab values

Answer 18

135-145 mmol/L

Question 19

K lab values

Answer 19

3.5-5.0 mmol/L

Question 20

Glucose lab values

Answer 20

3.9-11.0 mmol/L

Question 21

Creatinine lab values

Answer 21

50-90 umol/L

Question 22

GFR lab values

Answer 22

> 60 ml/min

Question 23

PTT lab values

Answer 23

23-32 seconds

Question 24

PT-INR lab values

Answer 24

0.9-1.1 seconds

Question 25

hyponatremia?

Answer 25

not enough sodium

• weakness, confusion, ataxia, stupor, coma
• causes: diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, no tube o/p, CRI

Question 26

hypernatremia?

Answer 26

too much sodium

• thirst, agitation, mania, convulsions, dry mucous membrane
• increased Na+ intake, excessive free body h20 loss, cushing syndrome

Question 27

hypokalemia?

Answer 27

not enough potassium

• decrease in contractility of smooth muscle, cardiac and skeletal, weakness, paralysis, cardiac dysrrhytmias, thirst
  cause: Gi losses/disorders, diarrhea, vomiting

Question 28

hyperkalemia?

Answer 28

irritability, diarrhea, intestinal colic

-causes: excessive dietary intake, infection