pharmacology terminology learning activity Flashcards

1
Q

define: frequency distribution curve

A

graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses

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2
Q

define: median effective dose

A

the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients

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3
Q

define: median lethal dose

A

the dose of a drug that will be lethal in 50% of a group of animals

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4
Q

define: median toxicity dose

A

the dose that will give a given toxicity in 50% of a group of patients

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5
Q

define: graded dose-response

A

by observing and measuring the patients response obtained at different doses of the drug one can explain several important clinical responses

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6
Q

define: potency

A

a drug that has more of this will produce therapeutic effect at a lower dose, compared with other drugs in the same class

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7
Q

define: efficacy

A

the magnitude of a maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug. a drug is considered to have more efficacy when it produces a higher maximal response

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8
Q

define: receptor

A

a cellular macromolecule to which a medication binds in order to initiate its effects

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9
Q

define: agonist

A

a drug that produce the same type of response as the endogenous substance

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10
Q

define: antagonist

A

a drug that occupies a receptor and prevents the endogenous chemical from acting

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11
Q

define: pharmacogenetics

A

an area of pharmacology that examines the role of genetics in drug response

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12
Q

define: pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

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13
Q

define: liver function test

A

blood tests used to assess the general state of the liver or biliary system

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14
Q

define: albumin

A

a major protein formed by the liver

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15
Q

define: ALT

A

alanine aminotransferase

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16
Q

define: bilirubin

A

main bile pigment in humans which, when elevated causes the yellow discolouration of the skin called juandice

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17
Q

define: biotransformation

A

the process of inactivating drugs and accelerating their excretion

18
Q

define: mechanism of action

A

the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor

19
Q

define: onset

A

time it takes for the drug to create a response

20
Q

infants and elderly both have decreased…?

A

hepatic metabolic activity, which may alter the action of certain drugs

21
Q

infants and elderly require a _______ in the dosage

A

reduction

22
Q

primary site of excretion is the?

A

kidneys, also bowel and liver

23
Q

concentration of drug in blood is determined by

A

kidneys ability to excrete

24
Q

patients with renal failure require..

A

decreased dosages so their blood does not become toxic

25
Q

define peak?

A

time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response

26
Q

length of time for a med to decrease conc in the plasma by one half after administration?

A

half-life

27
Q

factors that would affect each individuals patients response to a drug?

A

age, CV function, renal function, GI function, hepatic function, disease, diet, infection, gender

28
Q

for babies and peds, dosage must be calculated in?

A

mg/kg, or in body surface area

29
Q

in the elderly numerous physiological changes affect the action of drugs… increase or decrease in gastric pH?

A

increase in gastric pH

-decrease in peristaltic rate, liver function, cardiac output, % body water, kidney function

30
Q

main factors affecting action of a medication in relation to gender are

A

hormones and % of adipose tissue

31
Q

primary consideration when administrating drugs to a pregnant woman is that?

A

some drugs pass through the placenta and effect the babe

32
Q

grapefruit juice & drugs?

A

can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs thereby raising their blood levels

33
Q

any risks if your patient is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and they are eating tyramine rich food?

A
  • foods rich in tyramine no

- blood pressure can rise to a threatening level

34
Q

when a drug states administer on a empty stomach how long before and after a meal is appropriate

A

1 hour before 2 hours after

35
Q

primary pharmacodynamics changes in older adults?

A
  • beta blocking less effective
  • drugs on CNS intense effects
  • alterations in receptor properties may underlie sensitivities
36
Q

what is the beers list?

A

identifies drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in elderly

37
Q

interventions to promote adherence to medications?

A

simplify regimen, number of doses a day
explain in simple terms
print large size on labels
get friend or caregiver to help

38
Q

renal excretion is______ at birth

A

reduced

39
Q

four factors of distribution

A
  • increased body fat
  • increased lean body mass
  • decreased water
  • reduced serum albumin
40
Q

what can liver disease cause

A

drugs to accumulate, therefore if liver function declines rate of metabolism declines

41
Q

what can kidney disease cause

A

reduced drug excretion causing drugs to accumulate in body, may accumulate to toxic levels