pharmacology terminology learning activity

Question 1

define: frequency distribution curve

Answer 1

graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses

Question 2

define: median effective dose

Answer 2

the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients

Question 3

define: median lethal dose

Answer 3

the dose of a drug that will be lethal in 50% of a group of animals

Question 4

define: median toxicity dose

Answer 4

the dose that will give a given toxicity in 50% of a group of patients

Question 5

define: graded dose-response

Answer 5

by observing and measuring the patients response obtained at different doses of the drug one can explain several important clinical responses

Question 6

define: potency

Answer 6

a drug that has more of this will produce therapeutic effect at a lower dose, compared with other drugs in the same class

Question 7

define: efficacy

Answer 7

the magnitude of a maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug. a drug is considered to have more efficacy when it produces a higher maximal response

Question 8

define: receptor

Answer 8

a cellular macromolecule to which a medication binds in order to initiate its effects

Question 9

define: agonist

Answer 9

a drug that produce the same type of response as the endogenous substance

Question 10

define: antagonist

Answer 10

a drug that occupies a receptor and prevents the endogenous chemical from acting

Question 11

define: pharmacogenetics

Answer 11

an area of pharmacology that examines the role of genetics in drug response

Question 12

define: pharmacodynamics

Answer 12

the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

Question 13

define: liver function test

Answer 13

blood tests used to assess the general state of the liver or biliary system

Question 14

define: albumin

Answer 14

a major protein formed by the liver

Question 15

define: ALT

Answer 15

alanine aminotransferase

Question 16

define: bilirubin

Answer 16

main bile pigment in humans which, when elevated causes the yellow discolouration of the skin called juandice

Question 17

define: biotransformation

Answer 17

the process of inactivating drugs and accelerating their excretion

Question 18

define: mechanism of action

Answer 18

the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor

Question 19

define: onset

Answer 19

time it takes for the drug to create a response

Question 20

infants and elderly both have decreased…?

Answer 20

hepatic metabolic activity, which may alter the action of certain drugs

Question 21

infants and elderly require a _______ in the dosage

Answer 21

reduction

Question 22

primary site of excretion is the?

Answer 22

kidneys, also bowel and liver

Question 23

concentration of drug in blood is determined by

Answer 23

kidneys ability to excrete

Question 24

patients with renal failure require..

Answer 24

decreased dosages so their blood does not become toxic

Question 25

define peak?

Answer 25

time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response

Question 26

length of time for a med to decrease conc in the plasma by one half after administration?

Answer 26

half-life

Question 27

factors that would affect each individuals patients response to a drug?

Answer 27

age, CV function, renal function, GI function, hepatic function, disease, diet, infection, gender

Question 28

for babies and peds, dosage must be calculated in?

Answer 28

mg/kg, or in body surface area

Question 29

in the elderly numerous physiological changes affect the action of drugs... increase or decrease in gastric pH?

Answer 29

increase in gastric pH | -decrease in peristaltic rate, liver function, cardiac output, % body water, kidney function

Question 30

main factors affecting action of a medication in relation to gender are

Answer 30

hormones and % of adipose tissue

Question 31

primary consideration when administrating drugs to a pregnant woman is that?

Answer 31

some drugs pass through the placenta and effect the babe

Question 32

grapefruit juice & drugs?

Answer 32

can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs thereby raising their blood levels

Question 33

any risks if your patient is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and they are eating tyramine rich food?

Answer 33

- foods rich in tyramine no | - blood pressure can rise to a threatening level

Question 34

when a drug states administer on a empty stomach how long before and after a meal is appropriate

Answer 34

1 hour before 2 hours after

Question 35

primary pharmacodynamics changes in older adults?

Answer 35

- beta blocking less effective - drugs on CNS intense effects - alterations in receptor properties may underlie sensitivities

Question 36

what is the beers list?

Answer 36

identifies drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in elderly

Question 37

interventions to promote adherence to medications?

Answer 37

simplify regimen, number of doses a day explain in simple terms print large size on labels get friend or caregiver to help

Question 38

renal excretion is______ at birth

Answer 38

reduced

Question 39

four factors of distribution

Answer 39

- increased body fat - increased lean body mass - decreased water - reduced serum albumin

Question 40

what can liver disease cause

Answer 40

drugs to accumulate, therefore if liver function declines rate of metabolism declines

Question 41

what can kidney disease cause

Answer 41

reduced drug excretion causing drugs to accumulate in body, may accumulate to toxic levels