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Animal Diversity Lab > Quiz 1 - Microscopes and Porifera > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Microscopes and Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

Classification: What phyla, classes, or subclasses are in Porifera? (4)

A

Classes
- Homoscleromorpha
- Calcarea
- Hexactinellida
- Demospongiae

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2
Q

what is the largest class of sponges?

A

Demospongiae

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3
Q

What kind of organization does Phylum Porifera have?

A

cellular level only, they have specialized cells but no tissues or organs

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4
Q

Parazoa

A

possess different kinds of cells and are asymmetrical

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5
Q

what is the symmetry of Phylum Porifera?

A

asymmetrical

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6
Q

what skeleton or support does Phylum Porifera have?

A

no real skeleton, but they do have spicules and spongin

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7
Q

spicules

A

calcium carbonate/silica ‘toothpicks’ to give rigidity

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8
Q

what kind of movement or locomotion does Phylum Porifera contain?

A

they are sessile adults

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9
Q

does Phylum Porifera have any sensory or nervous structures?

A

no

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10
Q

what kind of digestion does Phylum Porifera have?

A

they only possess intracellular digestion

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11
Q

what kind of feeding does Phylum Porifera have?

A

suspension feeding

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12
Q

how does Phylum Porifera deal with excretion/osmoregulation?

A

they use simple diffusion between the environment and cells

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13
Q

how does Phylum Porifera handle circulation/internal transport?

A

they have no specialized structures, they use simple cell to cell transfer

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14
Q

how does Phylum Porifera do respiration/gas exchange?

A

they use simple diffusion with the environment

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15
Q

Are the members of Phylum Porifera monoecious or dioecious?

A

they are mostly monoecious but have some dioecious members

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16
Q

does Phylum Porifera use sexual or asexual reproduction?

A

they use both depending on the environmental conditions

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17
Q

asconoid body type

A
  • simplest form
  • water flows through it
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18
Q

syconoid body type

A
  • intermediate form
  • lots of small canals for water to move through
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19
Q

leuconoid

A
  • most complex body type
  • have many small passage ways to add surface area to the body allowing for larger sizes
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20
Q

spongoceal

A

the center opening of a sponge

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21
Q

amebocyte

A

mobile cells that carries food to other sponge cells and has the ability to differentiate into any other cell type (totipotent)

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22
Q

pinacocyte

A

flattened cells that collectively make up the outer sponge body wall

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23
Q

porocyte

A

doughnut-shaped cell that channels water into the radial canals

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24
Q

choanocyte

A

flagellated cells that line the interior surface of radial canals and captures food particles for the sponge

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25
Q

list the three body types in sponges from least to most complex

A

asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

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26
Q

water flows into the sponge body through numerous pores on the outer surface called _____

A

ostia

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27
Q

water flows along incurrent canals, passing through other smaller openings in specialized cells called _____ into _____ _____

A

porocytes, radial canals

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28
Q

radial canals are lined with what type of cells?

A

choanocytes

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29
Q

Finally, water dumps into the _____, and is released from the sponge body through the _____

A

spongocoel, osculum

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30
Q

The amount of food needed by a sponge is going to be determined by what?

A

the total volume of cells in its body

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31
Q

Sponges have a very different body organization compared to other animals. What explains the unusual nature of sponge bodies being inconsistent with sponges being animals?

A

The sponge body represents a separate evolution of multicellularity from that of animals with other levels of body organization

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32
Q

What is A?

A

ocular lens

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33
Q

What is B?

A

the head

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34
Q

What is C?

A

arm

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35
Q

What is D?

A

mechanical stage

36
Q

What is E?

A

power switch

37
Q

What is F?

A

light intensity adjustment dial

38
Q

what if G?

A

stage adjustment knobs

39
Q

what is H?

A

the base

40
Q

what is I?

A

the nosepiece

41
Q

what is J?

A

objective lenses

42
Q

what is K?

A

the stage

43
Q

what is L?

A

the condenser

44
Q

what is M?

A

iris diaphragm

45
Q

what is N?

A

fine adjustment knob

46
Q

what is O?

A

coarse adjustment knob

47
Q

what is P?

A

illuminator

48
Q

What is the orientation of the slide when it appears through the ocular lenses?

A

upside down and backwards

49
Q

under which objective lens if the field of view the largest?

A

the lowest magnification

50
Q

under which objective lens is the field of view the smallest?

A

the highest magnification

51
Q

which lens gives you the largest working distance?

A

the low magnification

52
Q

which lends has the greatest depth of field?

A

low power

53
Q

As a rule, as magnification increases, depth of field _____

A

decreases

54
Q

which level of magnification requires the most illumination for the best clarity and contract?

A

high magnification

55
Q

If you have a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?

A

400x

56
Q

what kind of spicules does class Calcarea have?

A

calcium carbonate

57
Q

what body types does Class Calcarea have?

A

all three, asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

58
Q

what type of spicules does Demospongiae have?

A

silica

59
Q

what body types does Class Demospongiae have?

A

leuconoid

60
Q

what is the only class with freshwater sponges?

A

Demospongiae

61
Q

what type of spicules does Homoscleromorpha have?

A

silica and spongin, but few of them

62
Q

what body types do Homoscleromorpha have?

A

all leuconoid

63
Q

what kind of spicules does class Hexactinellida have?

A

silica

64
Q

what body types do class Hexactinellida have?

A

an intermediate between syconoid and leuconoid

65
Q

pinacoderm

A

not a tissue
outside layer of a sponge composed of pinacocytes

66
Q

prosopyle

A

the hole through the center

67
Q

Where can members of Class Calcarea be found?

A

they mostly occur in shallow marine waters

68
Q

What Class is also called ‘glass sponges’?

A

Hexactinellida

69
Q

In class Hexactinellida, what do their spicules do?

A

they are often fused together to form an elaborate skeleton

70
Q

Where can members of Hexactinellida be found?

A

mostly in deep oceans, with a few occuring in shallow waters in polar regions

71
Q

Describe the skeletal structure of Class Demospongiae.

A

they have spicules made of silica and have fibers made of a protein called pongin that form the skeleton

72
Q

Where can you find members of Class Demospongiae?

A

they occur in all marine environments, and are they only class to contain freshwater sponges

73
Q

where can members of Homoscleromorpha be found?

A

shallow marine waters, usually in caves or overhangs

74
Q

Describe the structure of Class Homoscleromorpha

A

living sponge is a thin layer growing on a base of calcium carbonate, with few spicules made of silica and have spongin

75
Q

What is special about Class Homoscleromorpha?

A

it is possible that their larvae have some tissue level organization!

76
Q

ostium

A

plural ostia
name of a hole in the outside of a sponge through which water enters

77
Q

spongocoel

A

the large central cavity of a sponge

78
Q

osculum

A

the hole at the top of a sponge through which water exits

79
Q

water flow of an asconoid sponge (3)

A

ostium -> spongocoel -> osculum

80
Q

where are choanocytes found in asconoid sponge body types?

A

the spongocoel

81
Q

water flow in a syconoid sponge (7)

A

ostium -> incurrent canal -> prosopyle -> radial canal -> apopyle -> spongocoel -> osculum

82
Q

where are choanocytes found in the syconoid sponge body type?

A

radial canal

83
Q

water flow through a leuconoid sponge body type (8)

A

ostium -> incurrent canal -> prosopyle -> flagellated chamber -> apopyle -> excurrent canal -> spongocoel -> osculum

84
Q

what Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

A

Class Homoscleromorpha
Phylum Porifera

85
Q

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

A

Class Hexactinellida
Phylum Porifera

86
Q

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

p.c.

A

Class Calcarea
Phylum Porifera

87
Q

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

A

Class Demospongiae
Phylum Porifera

Animal Diversity Lab (11 decks)

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