Lab 4 - Platyhelminthes Flashcards
What phyla, classes, subclasses, etc, do you need to know for Platyhelminthes?
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Classes Tricladida, Trematoda, and Cestoda
What level is the basic body plan of Platyhelminthes organized?
both tissue and organ levels
What characteristics are found during the formation of the blastula? (3)
Phylum Platyhelmenthies
triploblastic, protostome, and acoelomate
What type of symmetry is found in Platyhelminthes?
bilateral
What kind of skeleton/support does Platyhelminthes have?
hydrostatic skeleton
What structures are used to help move Platyhelminthes? (4)
cilia, glides with muscles, longitudinal and circular muscles, a hydrostatic skeleton
Describe the nervous system for Platyhelminthes. (5)
- ocelli
- cerebral ganglia
- ventral nerve cord
- cephalization
- auricles
Describe the circulatory system for Platyhelminthes
diffusion
Describe the digestive process for Platyhelminthes. (4)
- incomplete gut
- predators
- endoparasites
- ectoparasites
How does Platyhelminthes eliminate waste from their systems? (2)
diffusion and protonephridia
Describe the types of reproduction in Platyhelminthes (4)
- sexual and asexual
- both monoecious and dioecious
- penis fencing
- external and internal fertilization
How does Platyhelminthes respire?
diffusion
Class Polycladida (4)
- polyclad flatworms
- almost call marine
- some are brightly colored and toxic
- all free living
Platyhelminthes
Class Tricladida (5)
free living flatworms (Planaria)
- digestive tract has three branches
- both marine and fresh water
- free living carnivores
- ocelli
Platyhelminthese
Class Monogenea (2)
- ectoparasites of fish
- single host
Platyhelminthese
auricle
chemosensory organ that detects dissolved chemicals
pharynx
tubular, muscular extension of the GVC used for ingesting food
acoelomate
animals whose central space is filled with tissue, lacking a body cavity
Which feature of Dugesia suggest adaptation to a free-living lifestyle?
cephalization and lack of hooks, suckers, or other structures for attaching to a host
What is a reason for the pharynx of Dugesia being centrally located on the body?
The central location on the body permits uniform delivery of nutrients to all portions of the body since they don’t have a circulatory system
Why is the GVC in flatworms for extensively branched?
Extensive branching increases digestive surface area of the GVC and increases the efficiency of the process, and the delivery of nutrients
Class Trematoda (5)
- flukes
- endoparasites
- lack locomotion and sensory adaptations
- oral sucker for feeding
- ventral sucker for attachment
Class Cestoda
p
- tapeworms
- endoparasites
- scolex (head)
- rostellum (w/ suckers)
- strobila (body) with proglottids
Platyhelminthese
What features of trematodes suggest adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle? (4)
- hermaphroditism
- extensive reproductive organs
- reduced digestive system
- ability to self fertilize
T/F: One reason for parasitic flatworms have a reduced digestive system is because parasites feed on body fluids that are already digested and thus absorb nutrients directly.
true
Why are so many resources put towards reproduction in parasitic flatworms? (2)
there are lower chances of meeting a mate and offspring generally have extremely low survival rates due to their complex life cycles
Why is there an entire reproductive system in each proglottid?
repetition of proglottids allows each to reproduce independently and maximize the overall reproductive output of the tapeworm
What defensive provisions do flukes possess for protection against the digestive enzymes of their hosts?
a cuticle which is resistant to digestive enzymes of its hosts
What adaptations have allowed members of Cestoda to be successful endoparasites?
eggs are extremely resistant to pH extremes, temperature, and moisture, thus enhancing their ability to survive
What phylum and class does this specimen belong?
Platyhelminthes and Trematoda
What is structure A, and what is its function?
Ovary, reproduction
What is structure B, and what is its function?
oral sucker, for feeding
What is structure C, what is its function?
yolk glands; ????
Which letter corresponds to the epidermis?
A
Which letter corresponds to the parenchyma?
C
Which letter corresponds to the gastrodermis?
B
What is the structure D, and its function?
pharynx, feeding
What is structure E, and its function?
GVC, feeding
A true coelom is completely lined with what?
mesoderm
Which class does this organism belong to?
Tricladida
Which class does this organism belong to?
Tricladida
Which class does this organism belong to?
Trematoda
Which class does this organism belong to?
Cestoda
Which class does this organism belong to?
Polycladida
Which class does this organism belong to?
Polycladida
Which class does this organism belong to?
Monogenea
Class _____ is free-living, carnivorous, aquatic species?
Platyhelminthese
Tricladida
Class _____ have and oral and ventral sucker, with the oral used for feeding
Trematoda
Class _____ have a body consisting of segment-like proglottids
Cestoda
What is this specimen?
sheep and dog tapeworms
What is this specimen?
Sheep liver fluke
What is this specimen?
Class Cestoda, tapeworm
protostome means…
the embryonic blastopore becomes the mouth
schizocoelous
mesoderm forms internally near the blastopore
protostomes show _____ cleavage and _____ develoopment
spiral, determinate
deuterostome
blastopore becomes the anus
ocelli
specialized eye structures that detect light
scolex
head structure
stroblia
body
