Lab 7 - Nematoda Flashcards
what kind of coelom does Phylum Nematoda have?
pseudocoelom
what kind of embryonic development does Phylum Nematoda have? (3)
- triploblastic
- protostomes
- ecdysozoans
what are Ecdysozoans named for?
they undergo ecdysis
ecdysis
molting of the outer cuticle as they grow
What kind of muscles does Phylum Nematoda have?
longitudinal only; have an uncoordinated “thrashing”
what kind of circulatory system does Phylum Nematoda have?
lack circulatory system, use diffusion
where can Nematodes be found? (3)
soil, marine, and aquatic sediment
what lifestyles do Nematodes have?
most are free-living but many have also adapted to parasitic lifestyles
What is the reason for the difference in the way Nematoda and Annelida like earthworms move?
Nematoda only have longitudinal muscles, while Annelida earthworms have longitudinal and circular muscles
Why do you suppose the digestive system of Nematoda is rather unspecialized compared to Annelida like an earthworm?
Organic products they consume require less digestion than the food of earthworms
Which is an accurate description of the phylum Nematoda? It’s members are…?
Not morphologically diverse, diverse in way of life
Based on the study mentioned in the introduction, the ancestral nematode was probably
free living
Which is the finding about the evolution of parasitism in nematodes?
nematode parasitism evolved multiple times in each type of host (plants, verts, inverts)
Which of the following organ systems are found in Nematoda?
a) circulatory
b) respiratory
c) endo-skeletal
d) reproductive
reproductive - D
Which of the following is found in both Annelida and Nematoda?
a) Metamerism
b) Parapodia
c) Longitudinal muscles
d) Circular muscles
e) Pseudocoel
c - longitudinal muscles
What are habitats where Nematoda are found and Annelida are not?
a) Inside plants
b) Inside animals
c) In soil
d) In freshwater
e) In ocean sediments
A,B
Which of the following is found in Nematoda and not in Mollusca?
a) muscles
b) central nervous system
c) cuticle
d) bilateral symmetry
e) radial symmetry
C
where are Nematodes found?
essentially everywhere
what kind of parasitism do Nematodes exhibit?
a wide variety (single host, multiple host, transmission by vectors, etc.)
what kind of reproduction does Nematoda undergo?
diverse ways; most are dioecious but some are monoecious
- some alternate between sexual and asexual
- some reproduce genetic copies of themselves
What kind of segmentation does Phylum Nematoda have?
unsegmented
What kind of nervous structures does Phylum Nematoda have? (3)
- cerebral ganglion
- dorsal and ventral nerve cords
what kind of skeletal structures does Phylum Nematoda have? (2)
- a hydrostatic skeleton
- tough outer cuticle
How does Phylum Nematoda undergo respiration?
diffusion
How does Phylum Nematoda undergo cirulation?
diffusion
How does Phylum Nematoda undergo excretion?
diffusion
larviparous
females produce larvae directly
cryptobiotic eggs
incredibly resistant to extreme conditions and remain viable for many years
What is the second most common cause of blindess?
river blindness - Onchocerca volvulus
what is the cause of hookworm? (2)
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
what is the cause of pinworm?
Enterobius vermicularis
what is the caused of trichinosis?
Trichinella spiralis
what is the cause of elephantiasis?
Wuchereria bancrofti
