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Gross 1 > Quiz 1 / Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 / Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Movement 
Stability 
Communication 
Control of body openings & passage ways 
Heat production are all functions of:
A

Skeletal Muscle

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2
Q

Basic structural unit of a muscle is the:

A

Muscle fiber (cell) aka myofibril

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3
Q

Muscle fibers are grouped into bundles known as:

A

Fasciculi

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4
Q

Muscle fibers & fasciculi are bound together by:

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

What are the functions of connective investment of muscle?

A
  • Connect muscle to bone or other structures
  • Provides a route through which nerves & blood vessels reach the muscle fiber
  • Provide a non-contractile framework which allows the contraction of a muscle fiber to be transmitted
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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue?

A
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium
    Epimysium
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7
Q

Delicate connective tissue sheath which surrounds each individual muscle fiber and connects it to adjacent muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

More dense layer which surrounds each fasciculi and divides the muscle into a series of separate compartments

A

Perimysium

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9
Q

Dense layer of connective tissue which surrounds the entire muscle & separates the muscle from surrounding tissue, organs and other muscles.

A

Epimysium

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10
Q

The __________ is continuous with deep fascia in the area & will continue as the TENDON of the muscle

A

Epimysium

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11
Q

Muscle fibers are extremely long and ______________, with the nuclei arranged around the __________ of the fiber.

A

Multi-nucleated, periphery

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12
Q

The contractile unit of the muscle

A

Myofilaments

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13
Q

Each fiber is contained w/in a tough, specialized membrane known as the

A

Sarcolemma

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14
Q

Type of increase in the size of a muscle, which is due to an increase in the size of each individual muscle fiber.

A

Hypertrophy

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15
Q

Increase in the size of a muscle due to an actual increase in the number of muscle fibers.

A

Hyperplasia

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16
Q

Refers to the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.

A

Sarcoplasm

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17
Q

Associated with higher levels of continuous metabolic activity

A

Type 1 muscle fibers

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18
Q

Aerobic Metabolism is associated with what muscle type?

A

Type 1 muscle fibers

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19
Q

Anaerobic metabolism is associated with what muscle type?

A

Type 2 muscle fibers

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20
Q

The cell membrane:

A

Sarcolemma

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21
Q

Elaborate, tubular network which functions to store & transport calcium ions to the myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

Tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma which allow electrical impulses to enter the muscle fiber & make their way to the myofibrils

A

Transverse Tubules (T-system)

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23
Q

Functions of myoglobin

A
  • Stores the needed oxygen that the fibers need to utilize for metabolism
  • Has a greater affinity for oxygen than that of hemoglobin
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24
Q

Contractile apparatus of the muscle fiber

A

Myofibril

25
Q

Myofibrils are formed from longitudinally oriented bundles of thick and thin filaments know as:

A

Myofilaments

26
Q

Myofibrils are made of up:

A

I-bands
A-bands
H-bands
Z-lines

27
Q

I-bands

A

Light areas

28
Q

A-bands

A

Dark areas

29
Q

H-bands

A

Light areas in the middle of each A-band

30
Q

Z-lines

A

Thick dark line in the middle of each I-band

31
Q

Each myofibril is composed of numerous units known as the __________, smallest functional unit of the muscle and runs from one Z-line to the next Z-line

A

Sarcomere

32
Q

Contractile proteins consists of?

A

Actin and Myosin

33
Q

Actin can be found primarily in the:

A

I-bands

34
Q

Myosin can be primarily found in the:

A

A-bands

35
Q

These two proteins interact with one another and thus create movement, a contraction

A

Actin and myosin

36
Q

Act to inhibit the interaction of actin and myosin & thus prevent indiscriminate movement

A

Regulator proteins

37
Q

Two most common regulatory proteins are?

A

Troponin and tropromyosin

38
Q

Eliminates the inhibition caused by the regulatory proteins & thus allows muscle contraction to occur

A

Calcium

39
Q

Nerve impulse from the _________ _______ stimulates the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Transverse Tubules

40
Q

The released calcium binds with the troponin molecules on the _______

A

Actin filaments

41
Q

True / False The binding of calcium with troponin changes the shape of the nearby tropomyosin molecule and exposing the myosin biding site on the actin molecule

A

True

42
Q

_____ allows the system to operate, by allowing myosin to interact with actin

A

ATP

43
Q

Muscle uses 2 general metabolic methods to provide ATP— one works _______ and the other works ________

A

Aerobically and anaerobically

44
Q

Aerobic pathway takes place in the?

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

True/ False More efficient way to produce ATP in a muscle fiber

A

True

46
Q

This pathway prefers fatty acids to produce ATP

A

Aerobic Pathway

47
Q

Fatty acids are stored in the body’s fat cells as __________ and released into the blood during exercise

A

Triglycerides

48
Q

This pathway depends on 2 substances to produce ATP

A

Anaerobic pathway

- Creatine phosphate and glycogen

49
Q

First substance used by the anaerobic pathway & allows the muscle to contract at once

A

Creatine phosphate

50
Q

Substance in the anaerobic pathway which produces ATP by the process known as glycolysis

A

Glycogen

51
Q

Glycogen is stored in _________ or ________ ____ and the pathway works quickly

A

Muscle fiber or liver cells

52
Q

What happens during PHASE 1 of exercise:

A

Only last a few min. And creatine phosphate & glycogen are the primary fuel sources. 20% of the total glycogen that is stored in a muscle maybe utilized during this phase

53
Q

What happens during PHASE 2:

A

Shift in metabolism to the more efficient aerobic metabolism and the use of fatty acids to produce ATP

54
Q

What happens during PHASE 3

A

Occurs as exercise intensifies, will se the muscle fibers going back to anaerobic production of ATP and thus the utilization of the remaining stored glycogen. During this phase that lactic acid can accumulate within the fibers.

55
Q

Method to increase red blood cell concentration is using a synthetic type of:

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

56
Q

EPO is naturally occurring hormone produced in the?

A

Kidneys

57
Q

This hormone travels to the bone marrow to produce red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

58
Q

Motor Nerves transmit_____ / ______impulses from the CNS to each individual muscle fiber, the result of which is a _____ response (contraction)

A

Efferent/ Motor, Motor

59
Q

Sensory Nerve Fibers convey to the CNS ________/______ impulses which originate within the muscle as a result of a contraction.

A

Afferent/ sensory

Gross 1 (29 decks)

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