Exam 3 Primary functions of the lower extermity

Question 1

Primary functions of the lower extremity

Answer 1

1. Support the weight of the body
2. Provide a stable foundation while standing
3. Locomotion

Question 2

The pelvis consist on a 2 single bones (one on each side ) known as:

Answer 2

Innominate bone

Question 3

Innominate bone articulates with:

Answer 3

Sacrum, femur, and the other innominate bone

Question 4

What are the 3 parts that make up an innominate bone:

Answer 4

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 5

What line just inferior to the iliac fossa is a curved line that marks the boundary between the false and true pelvis

Answer 5

Arcuate line (arcuate line from each innominate bone forms what is known as the pelvic brim)

Question 6

The superior ramus of the pubis is above the body & terminates as the:

Answer 6

iliopubic eminence

Question 7

Prominent ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis is the:

Answer 7

Pubic pectin

Question 8

Obturator foramen is closed by a piece of connective tissue known as the:

Answer 8

Obturator membrane

Question 9

What are the boundaries for the FALSE pelvis, and what is its purpose:

Answer 9

Posteriorly- lumbar vertebrae
Laterally- ilium
Anteriorly- abdominal wall
Purpose: Support & protect much of the abdominal visceral

Question 10

What are the boundaries for the TRUE pelvis, & what is its purpose?

Answer 10

Posteriorly- sacrum & coccyx
Laterally/ anteriorly- ilium, ischium & pubis
Purpose- this portion of the pelvis surround the birth canal in women

Question 11

Functions of the pelvic bone:(4)

Answer 11

1. Protect the pelvic viscera
2. Transmit body weight to the limbs & absorb the stresses of muscular activity
3. Allow locomotion by causing pelvic bone to swing from side to side
4. Provides bony support for the birth canal (women)

Question 12

Known as ________ _______ male & female pelvic bones differ markedly in a number of characteristics

Answer 12

Sexual Dimorphism

Question 13

Android Pelvis

Answer 13

Typical MALE pelvis

Question 14

Gynecoid pelvis

Answer 14

Typical FEMALE pelvis

Question 15

Anthropoid pelvis

Answer 15

Exaggerated MALE pelvis (more narrow)

Question 16

Platypelloid pelvis

Answer 16

Exaggerated FEMALE pelvis (wider)

Question 17

Most common features of the pelvic bone to fracture:

Answer 17

Pubic rami
Acetabulum
Region of the sacroiliac joint
Most lateral aspect of the ilium

Question 18

• Common painful contusion injury of the soft tissue associated with the iliac crest
• They are very common in contact sports & usually result in a painful hematoma in the area of the injury

Answer 18

Hip Pointers

Question 19

Ossification of the pelvic bone:

Answer 19

• 3 primary centers (ilium, ischium, & pubis)
• 5 secondary centers (iliac crest, AIIS, ischial tuberosity, pubis symphysis, & center of the acetabulum)
• Completes ossification between 20 & 22 years of age

Question 20

On the head of the femur there is a pit known as the______ ______ which is for the attachment of the _____ ____ ______

Answer 20

Fovea capitis

Capitis femoris ligament

Question 21

The trochanters of the femur are connected POSTERIORLY by:

Answer 21

The intertrochanteric CREST

Question 22

The trochanter of the femur are connected ANTERIORLY by:

Answer 22

intertrochanteric LINE

Question 23

Ossification of the femur:

Answer 23

• 1 primary for the shaft
• 4 secondary for the head, Greater & lesser trochanters & the distal end (condyles & epicondyles)
• Completes by 15 -17

Question 24

The way the neck of the femur meets the shaft of the bone, an angle is formed and is know as the:

Answer 24

Angle of inclination

Question 25

Angle of inclination is the greatest at birth being:

Answer 25

about 145 degrees

Question 26

Angle of inclination when person is of adult age:

Answer 26

about 125 degrees

Question 27

Coxa VALGA:

Answer 27

INCREASE is the angle of inclination, which can occur w / developmental dysplasia of the hip (congenital dislocation)

Question 28

Coxa VARA:

Answer 28

Decrease is the angle of inclination, which occurs in fractures of the proximal part of the femur & in the condition known as rickets, causes a mild shortening of the affected limb

Question 29

• Fracture through the neck of the femur & are what is normally called “broken hip”
• Common is individuals suffering from osteoporosis

Answer 29

Subcapital fractures

Question 30

Subcapital fractures can interrupt the blood supply to the femoral head leading to degeneration of the head, this is known as:

Answer 30

Avascular necrosis