Exam 3 Primary functions of the lower extermity Flashcards
Primary functions of the lower extremity
- Support the weight of the body
- Provide a stable foundation while standing
- Locomotion
The pelvis consist on a 2 single bones (one on each side ) known as:
Innominate bone
Innominate bone articulates with:
Sacrum, femur, and the other innominate bone
What are the 3 parts that make up an innominate bone:
ilium, ischium and pubis
What line just inferior to the iliac fossa is a curved line that marks the boundary between the false and true pelvis
Arcuate line (arcuate line from each innominate bone forms what is known as the pelvic brim)
The superior ramus of the pubis is above the body & terminates as the:
iliopubic eminence
Prominent ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis is the:
Pubic pectin
Obturator foramen is closed by a piece of connective tissue known as the:
Obturator membrane
What are the boundaries for the FALSE pelvis, and what is its purpose:
Posteriorly- lumbar vertebrae
Laterally- ilium
Anteriorly- abdominal wall
Purpose: Support & protect much of the abdominal visceral
What are the boundaries for the TRUE pelvis, & what is its purpose?
Posteriorly- sacrum & coccyx
Laterally/ anteriorly- ilium, ischium & pubis
Purpose- this portion of the pelvis surround the birth canal in women
Functions of the pelvic bone:(4)
- Protect the pelvic viscera
- Transmit body weight to the limbs & absorb the stresses of muscular activity
- Allow locomotion by causing pelvic bone to swing from side to side
- Provides bony support for the birth canal (women)
Known as ________ _______ male & female pelvic bones differ markedly in a number of characteristics
Sexual Dimorphism
Android Pelvis
Typical MALE pelvis
Gynecoid pelvis
Typical FEMALE pelvis
Anthropoid pelvis
Exaggerated MALE pelvis (more narrow)
Platypelloid pelvis
Exaggerated FEMALE pelvis (wider)
Most common features of the pelvic bone to fracture:
Pubic rami
Acetabulum
Region of the sacroiliac joint
Most lateral aspect of the ilium
- Common painful contusion injury of the soft tissue associated with the iliac crest
- They are very common in contact sports & usually result in a painful hematoma in the area of the injury
Hip Pointers
Ossification of the pelvic bone:
- 3 primary centers (ilium, ischium, & pubis)
- 5 secondary centers (iliac crest, AIIS, ischial tuberosity, pubis symphysis, & center of the acetabulum)
- Completes ossification between 20 & 22 years of age
On the head of the femur there is a pit known as the______ ______ which is for the attachment of the _____ ____ ______
Fovea capitis
Capitis femoris ligament
The trochanters of the femur are connected POSTERIORLY by:
The intertrochanteric CREST
The trochanter of the femur are connected ANTERIORLY by:
intertrochanteric LINE
Ossification of the femur:
- 1 primary for the shaft
- 4 secondary for the head, Greater & lesser trochanters & the distal end (condyles & epicondyles)
- Completes by 15 -17
The way the neck of the femur meets the shaft of the bone, an angle is formed and is know as the:
Angle of inclination
Angle of inclination is the greatest at birth being:
about 145 degrees
Angle of inclination when person is of adult age:
about 125 degrees
Coxa VALGA:
INCREASE is the angle of inclination, which can occur w / developmental dysplasia of the hip (congenital dislocation)
Coxa VARA:
Decrease is the angle of inclination, which occurs in fractures of the proximal part of the femur & in the condition known as rickets, causes a mild shortening of the affected limb
- Fracture through the neck of the femur & are what is normally called “broken hip”
- Common is individuals suffering from osteoporosis
Subcapital fractures
Subcapital fractures can interrupt the blood supply to the femoral head leading to degeneration of the head, this is known as:
Avascular necrosis
