Quiz 1 (Chapters 1-5) Flashcards

Question

Symptom

Answer 1

Subjective changes not apparent to the observer such as headache, nausea, anxiety

Answer 2

Objective, observable changes Physiological - fever, high blood pressure Anatomical - swelling or rash

Answer 3

Lying face down

Answer 4

Front of elbow

Answer 5

Fingers or toes

Answer 6

Top of foot or back of hand

Answer 7

Back of elbow

Answer 8

Hollow behind knee

Answer 9

On the same side

Answer 10

On the opposite side

Answer 11

Divides into unequal left and right sides (para=near)

Answer 12

Divides into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 13

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Answer 14

Double-layered membrane that covers the viscera and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen

Answer 15

Head, neck, trunk

Answer 16

Upper and lower limbs

Answer 17

Cranial and spinal cavities

Answer 18

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavites

Answer 19

Complex network of threads containing DNA Forms into chromosomes

Answer 20

Solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell

Answer 21

Solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell

Answer 22

Thin, supporting sheet at the inferior of the epithelium

Answer 23

Free or open

Answer 24

Flexible and strong Most abundant protein in the body Found in bone and cartilage

Answer 25

Made of protein called elastin Not as strong as collagen Return to their natural shape and length after being stretched Found in the skin, walls of blood vessels, and lung tissue

Answer 26

Composed of collagen but are arranged differently than collagen fibers Thin Provides an excellent framework for soft organs such as glands and lymph nodes

Answer 27

Areolar Adipose Reticular

Answer 28

Most widely dispersed connective tissue Found beneath epithelial tissues, in cavities, and between muscles Binds organs together giving strength, elasticity, and support

Answer 29

Fat tissue found under the skin, around the kidneys and within abdomen and kidneys Protection, insulation, support, and a place to store energy

Answer 30

Found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow Defends the body by filtering out microorganisms and other substances

Answer 31

Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic

Answer 32

Tendons and ligaments Provides tensile strength and flexibility for anchoring

Answer 33

Anchors muscles to bones

Answer 34

Anchors bones to bones

Answer 35

Forms the dermis (inner skin layer) and outer layer of the kidney and spleen Withstands stresses applied from any direction

Answer 36

Found in the walls of arteries Provides strength with stretching

Answer 37

Most abundant cartilage Found in the ends of long bones, the larynx, the nose, and between the sternum and the ribs Provides support with flexibility Absorbs shock in joints

Answer 38

Found in the intervertebral discs, knees, between pubic bones Provides protection and cushions body parts

Answer 39

Found in the external ear and the epiglottis Support and framework

Answer 40

Replacement of injured tissue by the formation of fibrous connective tissue – scar tissue Very strong but it lacks flexibility and elasticity Not able to carry out the normal functions of the tissue it has replaced

Answer 41

Inflammation - stimulates immune system Organization - restores blood supply, replaces damaged cells Regeneration and fibrosis - repaired tissue remodels itself

Answer 42

Covers organs

Answer 43

Lines body cavity

Answer 44

Weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes

Answer 45

Have plaque and transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherins) that extend into intercellular space and attach cells to each other

Answer 46

Sweat glands

Answer 47

Sweat glands found primarily in the axillary and anogenital areas Activated during puberty Secretions same as eccrine plus proteins and fatty acids

Answer 48

Modified apocrine glands found in the external ear canal secreting cerumen or ear wax

Answer 49

Damage only to the epidermis Symptoms include pain, swelling and redness

Answer 50

Damage to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis Symptoms are the same as first degree burns but also include blistering

Answer 51

Damage to the entire thickness of skin - burned area appears gray, white, red or blackened. Initially there is little or no swelling and no pain

Answer 52

"True skin" Beneath epidermis Hair follicles and sweat glands

Answer 53

Subcutaneous (below, not part of skin) Areolar and adipose tissues

Answer 54

Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells

Answer 55

~90% of epidermal cells 4-5 layers Produce keratin and lamellar granules

Answer 56

Release water-repellant (lipid-rich) sealant to decrease water entry/loss and prevent entry of foreign material

Answer 57

Also call epidermal dendritic cells Participate in immune response against microbes by helping other cells recognize and destroy them Easily damaged by UV

Answer 58

Least numerous In deepest layer of epidermis Contact with Merkel disc to detect touch sensation

Answer 59

Flattened process of a nerve cell

Answer 60

Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Thin stratum corneum (thin skin)

Answer 61

Fifth layer of skin In areas like fingertips, palms, and soles where friction exposure is greatest

Answer 62

Single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes Scattered keratin intermediate filaments Contains some stem cells Melanocytes and Merkel cells are in this layer

Answer 63

Superficial to stratum basale 8-10 layers of keratinocytes Spinelike projections with keratin intermediate filaments which connect to desmosome - strenth and flexibility Langerhans cells and melanocyte projections are in this layer

Answer 64

~middle of epidermis 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes in apoptosis Contain keratohyalin and lamellar granules

Answer 65

Darkly staining protein granules Converts keratin intermediate filaments into keratin

Answer 66

Only present in thick skin in areas like fingertips, palms, soles 4-6 layers of flattened clear, dead keratinocytes with large amounts of keratin and thick plasma membranes

Answer 67

25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes Contain mostly keratin, no nuclei or organelles Cells overlap like scales, fit together like puzzle pieces

Answer 68

Cells accumulate more keratin as they move through the epidermal layers Takes 4-6 weeks in epidermis of average (0.1mm) thickness

Answer 69

Common embryonic origin Vascular except cartilage Extracellular matrix

Answer 70

Papillae (projections) extend into epidermis - form fingerprints and footprints Blood vessels, nerve endings, sensory receptors

Answer 71

Strong part of dermis Attached to hypodermis

Answer 72

Sweat glands ~3 million Found in dermal regions Apocrine and eccrine glands

Answer 73

Sweat glands not associated with hair follicles Function throughout lifetime Especially numerous on forehead, upper lip, palms, soles

Answer 74

Grows ~1mm/3days Protection Shaft, root, and medulla

Answer 75

Epidermal cells that have been converted to keratin Free edge, nail body (visible part), and nail root