Module 14: The Heart

Question 1

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 1

Outer layer of the pericardium

Question 2

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

Answer 2

Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium

Question 3

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Answer 3

Also called the epicardium

Adheres to the surface of the heart

Question 4

Epicardium

Answer 4

Outer layer (also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium)
Consists of squamous epithelium overlying connective tissue

Question 5

Myocardium

Answer 5

Middle layer that forms most of the heart wall

Consists of cardiac muscle

Question 6

Endocardium

Answer 6

Inner layer

Endothelial tissue with small blood vessels and bundles of smooth muscle

Question 7

Upper chambers

Answer 7

Include the right atrium and the left atrium

Separated by the interatrial septum

Question 8

Lower chambers

Answer 8

Include the right ventricle and the left ventricle (the thickest of the four chambers)
Divided by the interventricular septum

Question 9

Fibrous skeleton

Answer 9

Dense connective tissue that separates the upper chambers (atria) from the lower chambers (ventricles)
Acts as an insulator in that it does not allow electrical impulses to travel directly from the atria to the ventricles

Question 10

Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

Answer 10

Tricuspid valve

Mitral valve

Question 11

Tricuspid valve

Answer 11

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Three cusps (flaps)

Question 12

Mitral valve

Answer 12

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Two cusps

Question 13

Chordae tendineae

Answer 13

Connective tissue that serves as “strings” that are attached to the cusps of the AV valves
Prevent re-entry of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 14

Papillary muscles

Answer 14

Extend into the ventricles and attach to the ends of the chordae tendineae

Question 15

Semilunar valves

Answer 15

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

Question 16

Pulmonary valve

Answer 16

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary

trunk, which opens to the pulmonary arteries

Question 17

Aortic valve

Answer 17

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 18

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 18

Enters the right atrium via the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus

Question 19

Superior vena cava

Answer 19

Returns venous blood form the upper part of the body

Question 20

Inferior vena cava

Answer 20

Returns venous blood from the lower part of the body

Question 21

Coronary sinus

Answer 21

Returns venous blood from the heart walls

Question 22

Oxygenated blood

Answer 22

Enters the left atrium via the four pulmonary

veins

Question 23

Left common carotid artery

Answer 23

Supplies oxygenated blood to the brain

Question 24

Left subclavian artery

Answer 24

Supplies oxygenated blood to the arms

Question 25

Innominate artery

Answer 25

Supplies oxygenated blood to the upper chest

Question 26

Cardiac cycle

Answer 26

Beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat

Question 27

Foramen ovale

Answer 27

Connection between the two atria in a fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit