Module 10: The Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

4 regions of the brain

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

Largest part
Consciousness
Mostly white matter
Grey matter (basal ganglia) helps regulate body movement, posture, balance, and facial expression

Question 3

Cerebral cortex

Answer 3

Outer layer of the cerebrum
Grey in color
Contains cell bodies and unmyelinated short processes
Center for sensory and motor functions

Question 4

Left hemisphere

Answer 4

Reasoning and analytical side

Language and mathematical abilities

Question 5

Right hemisphere

Answer 5

Motor skills, intuition, emotion, art, music appreciation

Question 6

Frontal lobe

Answer 6

Movements of voluntary skeletal muscles

Higher intellectual processes such as concentration, planning, and problem solving

Question 7

Parietal lobe

Answer 7

Sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain

Understanding speech and using words

Question 8

Temporal lobe

Answer 8

Hearing and smelling

Memory of scenes and music

Question 9

Three layers of meninges

Answer 9

Dura mater - most superficial
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater - deepest

Question 10

Dura mater

Answer 10

Most superficial meningeal layer
Dense, irregular connective tissue
Thick, strong

Question 11

Arachnoid mater

Answer 11

Middle meningeal layer
Thin, avascular
Cells and thin, loose collagen and elastic fibers

Question 12

Pia mater

Answer 12

Innermost menix
Thin, transparent connective tissue
Adheres to surface of spinal cord and brain
Vascular

Question 13

Ventricles

Answer 13

Fluid-filled cavities within the brain

2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle

Question 14

Anterior median fissure

Answer 14

Wide groove on the anterior side of the spinal cord

Divides left and right sides

Question 15

Posterior median sulcus

Answer 15

Narrow furrow on posterior side of spinal cord

Divides left and right sides

Question 16

Brain stem components

Answer 16

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

Question 17

Diencephalon components

Answer 17

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

Question 18

Extensions of dura mater that separate parts of the brain

Answer 18

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

Question 19

Falx cerebri

Answer 19

Separates hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 20

Falx cerebelli

Answer 20

Separates hemispheres of the cerebellum

Question 21

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 21

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 22

CSF formation

Answer 22

Forms within the ventricles of the brain via the choroid plexuses
Released by ependymal cells

Question 23

How CSF returns to bloodstream

Answer 23

Flows into the arachnoid villi which protrude into the dural
sinuses
Diffuses across the membranes of the villi into the dural sinuses where it mixes with venous blood
Blood in the sinuses drains the CSF away from the brain into veins

Question 24

Nociceptors

Answer 24

Pain

Question 25

Epineurium

Answer 25

Sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a nerve | Portions of the epineurium project inward and divide the nerve into compartments that contain a bundle of nerve fibres

Question 26

Fasciculus

Answer 26

Bundle of nerve fibers

Question 27

Perineurium

Answer 27

Connective tissue that covers each fasciculus

Question 28

Endoneurium

Answer 28

Surrounds each individual nerve fibre

Question 29

Trochlear nerve

Answer 29

Turns eye downward and laterally

Question 30

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 30

Chewing | Face and mouth – touch/pain

Question 31

Abducens nerve

Answer 31

Turns eye laterally

Question 32

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 32

Taste | Blood pressure

Question 33

Vagus nerve

Answer 33

``` Has numerous branches that supply organs in the thorax and abdomen Senses aortic blood pressure Slows heart rate Stimulates digestive organs Taste ```

Question 34

Accessory nerve

Answer 34

Controls swallowing | Controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 35

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 35

Tongue muscle movement

Question 36

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 36

Reactions to outside stimuli

Question 37

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 37

Proper functioning of the internal organs Made up of motor neurons that stimulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Operates automatically and unconsciously

Question 38

Two divisions of the ANS

Answer 38

Sympathetic nervous system | Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 39

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 39

Most active in stressful situations | “Fight or flight” system

Question 40

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 40

Most active in non stressful situations “Feed and breed” system and the “rest and digest” system Helps to regulate functions of the digestive and reproductive systems

Question 41

Medulla oblongata

Answer 41

Most inferior part of the brain stem | Contains sensory and motor tracts

Question 42

Pons

Answer 42

Part of the brain stem that forms the bridge between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain Relays nerve impulses from motor areas or cerebral cortex to cerebellum Anterior to the cerebellum

Question 43

Midbrain

Answer 43

Part of the brain between the pons and the diencephalon | Coordinates movements of the head, eyes, and trunk in response to auditory and visual stimuli

Question 44

Thalamus

Answer 44

Main relay center for sensory impulses ascending to the cerebral cortex

Question 45

Pineal gland

Answer 45

Secretes melatonin

Question 46

Basal nuclei

Answer 46

Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements, regulate muscle tone

Question 47

Hypothalamus

Answer 47

Controls and integrates activities of ANS

Question 48

Epithalamus

Answer 48

Consists of pineal gland and habenular nuclei