Quick upper limb flashcards
glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint
acromioclavicular joint
acromium of scapula articulates with clavicle
projections of bone superior and inferior to the glenoid fossa
surpra and infraglenoid tubercle
projections of bone on the proximal humerus
greater and lesser tubercles
nerve near the surgical neck
axillary
attachment of deltoid to humerus
deltoid tuberosity
path of radial nerve over humerus
radial/ spiral groove
nerve damaged in mid shaft fractures
radial
for every 2 degree abduction of the shoulder…
scapula rotates 1 degree
large muscles of the posterior pectoral girdle
trapezius - superior
latissimus dorsi
small posterior pectoral girdle muscles
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
function of posterior pectoral girdle, and the exception
move scapula
latissimus dorsi moves humerus
innervation of trapezius
accessory nerve
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
scapulohumeral muscles
deltoid
subscapularis
infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres major
teres minor
rotator cuff
sist
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
muscle over the shoulder
deltoid
powerful abductor of the shoulder after 20 degrees
deltoid
innervation of deltoid
axillary nerve
quadrilateral space
teres minor above
teres major below
long head of triceps medially
surgical neck of humerus laterally
which nerve travels through quad space
axillary
innervation of axillary nerve
deltoid
teres minor
skin over upper lateral arm
which rotator cuff muscle can be seen anteriorly?
subscapularis
the others are mostly seen posteriorly
action of rotator cuff
hold head of humerus in place
tendons fuse with capsule of shoulder joint
what contributes to shoulder joint stability?
glenoid labrum
ligaments
tendon of biceps brachii
single muscle in the posterior arm
triceps brachii
where does triceps insert and originate?
ulnar olecranon - inserts
origin
- long head - infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head - posterior humerus proximal to radial groove
- medial head - posterior humerus distal to radial groove
action of triceps
extends forearm at the shoulder joint
innervation of triceps
radial nerve
what does the trochlea of the humerus articulate with?
trochlear notch of ulna
lateral to trochlear is…
capitellum
what does the capitellum arrticulate with?
head of radius
things in the axilla
lymph nodes
axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus
put these in order:
brachial artery
subclavian artery
axillary artery
subclavian
axillary
brachial
what is the subclavian vein a continuation of?
axillary vein
spinal nerves of brachial plexus
C5-8 and T1
C5-T1
what are brachial plexus cords named after?
position relative to axillary artery
superior trunk
C5 and c6
middle trunk
C7
inferior trunk
C8 and T1
divisions of brachial plexus
anterior and posterior
lateral cord
anterior division of superior and middle trunks
posterior cod
posterior divisions of all the trunks
medial cord
anterior division of the inferior trunk
what is the axillary branch from?
radial
musculocutaneous
ulnar
median
posterior cord
posterior
lateral
medial
lateral and medial
axillary nerve
posterior cord
C5 and C6
radial nerve
posterior cord
C5-T1
musculocutaneous nerve
lateral cord
C5-C7
skin over forearm
three muscles in the anterior arm
do median and ulnar nerve innervate arm?
no
just forearm and hand
median nerve
C6-T1
most anterior forearm muscles
small muscles of the thumb
skin over the lateral aspect of the palm and lateral digits
vulnerable in the cubital fossa
ulnar nerve
continuation of the medial cord after median nerve
C8-T1
innervates most hand muscles
fine movements of digits
skin over medial aspect of hand and medial digits
vulnerable behind the medial epicondyle
anterior arm muscles
biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
attachments of biceps
scapula
- long head to supraglenoid tubercle
- short head to coracoid process
radial tuberosity of radius
action of biceps
flexor of the elbow
and shoulder
supinator of the forearm WHEN elbow is flexed
most superficial anterior forearm muscle
biceps brachii
action of brachialis
flexor of the elbow
attachments of brachialis
humerus
ulnar tuberosity
attachments of coracobrachialis
coracoid process
humerus
action of coracobrachialis
weak flexor of shoulder
cubital fossa boundaries
brachioradialis
pronator teres
line between medial and lateral epicondyles
shape of cubital fossa
triangle
contents of cubital fossa
tendon of biceps brachii
bicipital aponeurosis - fascial extension of the biceps tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
radial nerve
order from lateral to medial or biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve
in that order
where does the brachial artery bifurcate?
cubital fossa
what connects the radius and ulna?
interosseous membrane
how many radioulnar joints?
2
proximal and distal
which bones does the radius articulate with at the wrist joint?
scaphoid and lunate
first row of carpus bones lateral to medial
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
second row of carpal bones, lateral to medial
trapezium (for thUMb), trapezioid, capitate (largest), hamate
which carpal bone bears a bony process anteriorly?
hamate
most commonly damaged carpal bone
scaphoid
how many phalanges in each finger and thumb?
3 per finger
thumb has 2
order or hand bones
metacarpals then phalanges
superficial anterior forearm muscles lateral to medial
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
PFPF
where do superficial arm muscles attach proximally?
medial epicondyle
action of pronator teres
pronator of the proximal radioulnar joint
traits of MOST of the muscles of the anterior forearm compartment
wrist flexors
median nerve
2 exceptions
where does palmaris longus insert?
palm fascia
innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar nerve
muscle in the middle layer of anterior arm
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis
- number of tendons
- to which digits
4
2-5
muscle of the deep layer of the forearm
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
action of FDS
flexes digits
action of FDP
flexes digits
flexor digitorum profundus
- number of tendons
- to which digits
4
2-5
dual innervation of FDP
laterally - median - supplies index and middle
medial - ring and little - ulnar
action of FPL
flexes thumb
pollex = thumb
action of pronator quadratus
pronates distal radioulnar joint
general assumptions about anterior forearm muscles
flexors (not pronator teres or pronator quadratus)
median nerve (not FCU and medial half of FDP)
roof of carpal tunnel
flexor retinaculum
what passes through carpal tunnel?
4 tendons of FDS - digits 2-5
4 tendons of FDP - digits 2-5
1 tendon of FPL - thumb/ digit 1
median nerve ONLY
anastamoses of the radial and ulnar arteries in the hand
palmar arches
where does all upper limb venous blood drain into?
axillary vein
where do the cephalic and basilic veins course?
cephalic - laterally
basilic - medially
connection between the superficial forearm veins
where and what
median cubital vein
cubital fossa
name of phalanges
proximal, middle, distal
for thumb, proximal and distal
joints between carpals and metacarpals
carpometacarpal joints
joints between metacarpals and phalanges
metacarpophalangeal joints
joints between phalanges
interphalangeal
types of grip
hook
power
precision
anterior forearm muscles that are prime flexors of the wrist
flexor carpi radialis - inserts onto 2nd metacarpal
flexor carpi ulnaris - inserts onto 5th metacarpal
palmaris longus - inserts onto palmar fascia
flexors of the digits
FDS
FDP
FPL
