Questions for cardio

Question 1

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Irregularly irregular

Answer 1

AF

Question 2

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Slow-rising pulse

Answer 2

Aortic stenosis

Question 3

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Collapsing pulse

Answer 3

aortic regurgitation

Question 4

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Bounding pulse

Answer 4

Acute CO2 retention, hepatic failure, sepsis

Question 5

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Radiofemoral delay

Answer 5

Coarctation of aorta

Question 6

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Jerky pulse

Answer 6

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 7

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Pulsus bisferiens

Answer 7

Mixed aortic valve disease
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Question 8

These descriptions of pulses in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 8

Constrictive pericarditis
Cardiac tamponade

Question 9

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Raised, fixed JVP

Answer 9

Superior vena cava obstruction

Question 10

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

JVP rising on inspiration

Answer 10

Superior vena cava obstruction

Question 11

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Large ‘v’ waves

Answer 11

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 12

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Absent ‘a’ waves

Answer 12

Atrial fibrillation

Question 13

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Cannon ‘a’ waves

Answer 13

Complete heart block
Atrioventricular (AV) dissociation
Ventricular arrhythmias

Question 14

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Malar (cheek) flush

Answer 14

Superior vena cava obstruction

Question 15

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Pulsatile hepatomegaly

Answer 15

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 16

These descriptions of JVP in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Carotid pulsation (Corrigan’s sign)

Answer 16

Aortic regurgitation

Question 17

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Head nodding (De Musset’s sign)

Answer 17

Aortic regurgitation

Question 18

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Capillary pulsations in nail-bed (Quincke’s sign)

Answer 18

Aortic regurgitation

Question 19

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Pistol-shot heard over femorals (Traube’s sign)

Answer 19

Aortic regurgitation

Question 20

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Roth’s spots (boat-shaped retinal haemorrhages)

Answer 20

Infective endocarditis

Question 21

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Osler’s nodes (painful hard swellings on fingers/toes)

Answer 21

Infective endocarditis

Question 22

These descriptions of physical sign in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

Janeway’s lesions (painless erythematous blanching
macules seen on palmar surface)

Answer 22

Infective endocarditis

Question 23

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

‘Saw-tooth’ pattern with
normal complexes

Answer 23

Atrial flutter

Question 24

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions

• Absent ‘p’ wave

Answer 24

Atrial fibrillation

Question 25

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Bifid ‘p’ wave**

Answer 25

**Left atrial hypertrophy, e.g. mitral stenosis**

Question 26

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Peaked ‘p’ wave**

Answer 26

**Right atrial hypertrophy, e.g. pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis**

Question 27

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **ST elevation**

Answer 27

**Acute myocardial infarction (MI) Left ventricular aneurysm**

Question 28

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Saddle’-shaped ST elevation**

Answer 28

**Acute constrictive pericarditis**

Question 29

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **S I, Q III, T III pattern (deep S waves in I, Q waves in III, inverted T waves in III)**

Answer 29

**Pulmonary embolus**

Question 30

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Flattened ‘t’ waves, prominent ‘U’ waves (muscle weakness, cramps, tetany)**

Answer 30

**Hypokalaemia**

Question 31

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Long ‘Q–T’ interval, tetany, perioral paraesthesia, carpopedal spasm**

Answer 31

**Hypocalcaemia**

Question 32

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Hyperacute T waves (inverts later), ST elevation and then Q wave formation; Localizing infarct (leads with above ECG changes):** **II, III, aVF**

Answer 32

**Inferior infarct**

Question 33

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **I, aVL, V2–V6**

Answer 33

Anterolateral infarct

Question 34

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions Hyperacute T waves (inverts later), ST elevation and then Q wave formation; Localizing infarct (leads with above ECG **V2–V5**

Answer 34

Anterior infarct

Question 35

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions Hyperacute T waves (inverts later), ST elevation and then Q wave formation; Localizing infarct (leads with above ECG changes): **ST and T wave changes but no Q waves**

Answer 35

Subendocardial infarct

Question 36

These descriptions of ECG finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which conditions **Reciprocal changes V1, V2 (tall R waves, ST depression, tall upright T waves)**

Answer 36

Posterior infarct

Question 37

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Shortness of breath Cold peripheries**

Answer 37

β blockers, e.g. propranolol

Question 38

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Persistent dry cough**

Answer 38

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor, e.g. captopril

Question 39

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Gynaecomastia**

Answer 39

Digoxin, spironolactone

Question 40

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Hyper-/hypothyroidism Corneal microdeposits**

Answer 40

Amiodarone

Question 41

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Flushing, headache, ankle oedema**

Answer 41

Nifedipine

Question 42

These descriptions of side effects finding in an extended matching question (EMQ) are highly suggestive of which particular drug Impotence **Gout (hyperuricaemia)**

Answer 42

Thiazide diuretic, e.g. bendrofluazide