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Biol 203 > questions before midterm > Flashcards

questions before midterm Flashcards

1
Q

a lymph vessel within each villus

A

A lacteal

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2
Q

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

Tomatoes

Household ammonia

Milk

Gastric juice

A

Gastric juice

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3
Q

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Heart

Spleen

Tongue

Bladder

A

Tongue

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4
Q

chylomicron

A

transports lipids in the bloodstream

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5
Q

The stomach secretes _______.

Multiple Choice

salivary amylase

hydrochloric acid

bile

A

hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

Melanie has chronic constipation. Which of the following recommendations is NOT an effective way of alleviating constipation?

Following the same routine each day for having a bowel movement

Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient

Eating more high-fiber foods, including whole grain breads and cereals

Increasing water intake

A

Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient

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8
Q

Where is sucrase found in the human body?

A

On the microvilli of the small intestine

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9
Q

In simple terms, sucrase _______

forms a disaccharide from a monosaccharide

joins glucose and fructose together to form sucrose

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

breaks sucrose into hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms

A

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

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10
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

produced by stomach

is important for the digestion of protein

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11
Q

The pyloric sphincter

A

controls the rate at which the watery food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

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12
Q

The term gastric refers to what

A

the stomach

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13
Q

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make maltose?

A

glucose

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14
Q

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make sucrose?

A

fructose

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15
Q

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make galactose?

A

lactose

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16
Q

insulin

A

attempts to shuttle blood sugar into your cells when blood sugar rises

17
Q

increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar

A

epinephrine

18
Q

glucagon

A

released by pancreas stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose

19
Q

In people with type 1 diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their _______.

body’s cells resist the action of insulin

pancreas does not make and release insulin

parathyroid glands are not functioning properly

liver releases too much insulin

A

pancreas does not make and release insulin

20
Q

Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her _______.

intestinal cells are damaged

pancreas releases too much insulin

body does not store enough glycogen to meet her needs

cells do not respond to insulin

A

cells do not respond to insulin

21
Q

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes _______.

a high glycemic index diet

insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body

glucagon pills, which are taken after meals and snacks

a “Western” diet

A

insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body

22
Q

Insulin _______.

prevents cells from taking in glucose

allows cells to take in glucose

breaks down glucose in the blood

releases glucose from cells

A

allows cells to take in glucose

23
Q

Plants need certain substances and conditions to make carbohydrates. Of the following substances and conditions, select all those that are needed for plants to make carbohydrates.

Water

Sunlight

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Phosphorus

A

Water

Sunlight

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Phosphorus

24
Q

diverticulitis

A

when you get diverticula

25
Q

Insoluble fiber _______.

is in beef and pork

dissolves or swells in water

is in whole-grain products, including brown rice

increases the risk of heart disease

A

is in whole-grain products, including brown rice

26
Q

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that breaks down lactose?

Galactose

Salivary amylase

Lactase

Lactic acid

A

Lactase

27
Q

Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?

Gallbladder

Adipose cell

Adrenal gland

Ileum

A

Adipose cell

28
Q

Transports cholesterol from cells to the liver

which triglyceride is it?

A

HDL

29
Q

Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells

A

LDL

30
Q

Contains only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides

A

VLDL

31
Q

Damaged LDL that is taken up by the arterial cells and forms plaque

A

Oxidized LDL

32
Q

Carries absorbed dietary lipids away from the intestinal tract

A

Chylomicron

33
Q

an emulsifier

A

a compound that can suspend fat in water

34
Q

Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the statements that are true

Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food.

Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm.

Phospholipids are the “building blocks” for various proteins in the body.

Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes.

Phospholipids such as lecithin serve as antioxidants in foods.

Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.

Triglycerides supply 7 kcal/g.

Cholesterol provides 9 kcal/g.

A

Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food.

Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm.

Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes.

Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.

35
Q

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _______ fatty acids.

unsaturated

saturated

polyunsaturated

monounsaturated

A

saturated

36
Q

Lipoproteins _______.

are water-insoluble

transport lipids in the bloodstream

contain glucose

are toxic to cells

A

transport lipids in the bloodstream

37
Q

Homocysteine is a(n) _______.

form of folate

lipid that lowers blood pressure

possible marker for cardiovascular disease

essential amino acid

A

possible marker for cardiovascular disease

Biol 203 (12 decks)

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