questions before midterm Flashcards
a lymph vessel within each villus
A lacteal
Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?
Tomatoes
Household ammonia
Milk
Gastric juice
Gastric juice
Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Heart
Spleen
Tongue
Bladder
Tongue
chylomicron
transports lipids in the bloodstream
The stomach secretes _______.
Multiple Choice
salivary amylase
hydrochloric acid
bile
hydrochloric acid
helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract
Peristalsis
Melanie has chronic constipation. Which of the following recommendations is NOT an effective way of alleviating constipation?
Following the same routine each day for having a bowel movement
Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient
Eating more high-fiber foods, including whole grain breads and cereals
Increasing water intake
Ignoring normal urges to defecate, which “trains” the bowel to eliminate feces when it is most convenient
Where is sucrase found in the human body?
On the microvilli of the small intestine
In simple terms, sucrase _______
forms a disaccharide from a monosaccharide
joins glucose and fructose together to form sucrose
breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose
breaks sucrose into hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon atoms
breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose
hydrochloric acid
produced by stomach
is important for the digestion of protein
The pyloric sphincter
controls the rate at which the watery food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine
The term gastric refers to what
the stomach
Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make maltose?
glucose
Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make sucrose?
fructose
Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make galactose?
lactose
insulin
attempts to shuttle blood sugar into your cells when blood sugar rises
increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar
epinephrine
glucagon
released by pancreas stimulates breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose
In people with type 1 diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their _______.
body’s cells resist the action of insulin
pancreas does not make and release insulin
parathyroid glands are not functioning properly
liver releases too much insulin
pancreas does not make and release insulin
Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her _______.
intestinal cells are damaged
pancreas releases too much insulin
body does not store enough glycogen to meet her needs
cells do not respond to insulin
cells do not respond to insulin
The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes _______.
a high glycemic index diet
insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body
glucagon pills, which are taken after meals and snacks
a “Western” diet
insulin, usually by injecting the hormone into the body
Insulin _______.
prevents cells from taking in glucose
allows cells to take in glucose
breaks down glucose in the blood
releases glucose from cells
allows cells to take in glucose
Plants need certain substances and conditions to make carbohydrates. Of the following substances and conditions, select all those that are needed for plants to make carbohydrates.
Water
Sunlight
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorus
Water
Sunlight
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorus
diverticulitis
when you get diverticula
Insoluble fiber _______.
is in beef and pork
dissolves or swells in water
is in whole-grain products, including brown rice
increases the risk of heart disease
is in whole-grain products, including brown rice
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that breaks down lactose?
Galactose
Salivary amylase
Lactase
Lactic acid
Lactase
Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?
Gallbladder
Adipose cell
Adrenal gland
Ileum
Adipose cell
Transports cholesterol from cells to the liver
which triglyceride is it?
HDL
Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells
LDL
Contains only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides
VLDL
Damaged LDL that is taken up by the arterial cells and forms plaque
Oxidized LDL
Carries absorbed dietary lipids away from the intestinal tract
Chylomicron
an emulsifier
a compound that can suspend fat in water
Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the statements that are true
Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food.
Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm.
Phospholipids are the “building blocks” for various proteins in the body.
Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes.
Phospholipids such as lecithin serve as antioxidants in foods.
Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.
Triglycerides supply 7 kcal/g.
Cholesterol provides 9 kcal/g.
Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food.
Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm.
Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes.
Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _______ fatty acids.
unsaturated
saturated
polyunsaturated
monounsaturated
saturated
Lipoproteins _______.
are water-insoluble
transport lipids in the bloodstream
contain glucose
are toxic to cells
transport lipids in the bloodstream
Homocysteine is a(n) _______.
form of folate
lipid that lowers blood pressure
possible marker for cardiovascular disease
essential amino acid
possible marker for cardiovascular disease
