chapter 3: basic chemistry and organ systems

Question 1

how many of the elements in the periodic table are essential for life?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that takes up space

Question 3

smallest unit of matter

Answer 3

the atom

Question 4

molecule

Answer 4

two or more atoms of the same or different elements joined by chemical bonds

ex: H2O

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

a substance composed of two or more different atoms

ex: H2O too

Question 6

valence electrons

Answer 6

electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom

Question 7

valence shell

Answer 7

outermost shell of an atom

Question 8

an atom’s quest in life

Answer 8

to have fully occupied valence shells

Question 9

covalent bond

Answer 9

strong chemical bonds formed between atoms by sharing electrons

the strongest of all bonds

Question 10

ionic bonds

Answer 10

bonds formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

not as strong as covalent bonds

Question 11

atomic nucleus

Answer 11

the center of an atom

made up of protons and neutrons

Question 12

what is a solution?

Answer 12

an evenly distributed mixture of two or more compounds

Question 13

the major component of a solution

Answer 13

the solvent

Question 14

the minor component of a solution

Answer 14

the solute

Question 15

in an aqueous solution, which is the solvent?

Answer 15

water

Question 16

explain the blood cells and how the get their nutrients

Answer 16

there is plasma on the edges of the veins

in the plasma, there are nutrients for the blood cells

Question 17

electronegativity

Answer 17

an atom’s attraction for electrons in the chemical bond

Question 18

the more electronegative a atom, how hard is the pull?

Answer 18

the more strongly it pulls shared electrons

Question 19

the oxygen atom is electronegative?

Answer 19

yeee

the most electronegative

Question 20

polar moleculess

Answer 20

have a partial positive charge on one part of the molecule and a partial negative charge in another part

molecules with partial charges created by electronegative atoms

interact with other polar molecules to form weak hydrogen bonds

Question 21

hydrogen bonds

Answer 21

a type of bond between electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom

can occur between molecules (as in water) or within parts of of a single molecule (as in protein)

Question 22

the solubility of solutes

Answer 22

shows how easily it dissolves in a liquid solvent

Question 23

why or lipids non polar molecules? what does this mean?

Answer 23

they have almost no oxygen

then cant socialize with water

Question 24

should we rinse pasta with cold water?

why?

Answer 24

noooo

because the starch will leave and our past will not be sticky anymore

Question 25

enzymes

Answer 25

help digest foods into smaller fragments they are proteins they can easily dissolve in water without enzymes, absorption of nutrients would be impossible always have very specific three dimensional shapes that only allow certain compounds to bond

Question 26

how are enzymes held together? this is the result of what?

Answer 26

by hydrogen bonds the result of hydrogen bonds this means we can easily change enzyme's shape

Question 27

the PH of fluids

Answer 27

the unit of measure expressing a substance acidity or alkalinity crucial in activating enzymes to facilitate digestion

Question 28

why will a mouth enzyme work in the mouth to digest food but not in stomach?

Answer 28

because of change in pH levels

Question 29

the pH scale

Answer 29

a measure of concentration of hydrogen ions ranges from 0 to 14 hydrogen ions interfere with hydrogen bonds

Question 30

the digestive system

Answer 30

set of organs that work cooperatively to digest food and deliver nutrients

Question 31

tissue

Answer 31

collection of cells

Question 32

organs

Answer 32

collection of tissues cooperate together to keep us alive

Question 33

types of tissues

Answer 33

epithelial connective muscle neural

Question 34

epithelial tissue

Answer 34

makes the lining of the entire alimentary canal allow the smooth passage for food synthesize and excrete enzymes for digestion absorb nutrients like a carpet made up of cells

Question 35

connective, muscle, neural tissues

Answer 35

make up the organs

Question 36

transit time of food in digestive system

Answer 36

24 to 72 hours

Question 37

the functions of the digestive system

Answer 37

1. digestion 2. absorption 3. elimination

Question 38

the substances released in digestion

Answer 38

enzymes hormones mucus

Question 39

mouth and stomach's role in food

Answer 39

perform both chemical and mechanical breakdown of food muscular contractions churn the food stomach turns food into chyme teaspoons of time at a time slowly move into the small intestine

Question 40

the architecture of the small intestines

Answer 40

Folds along the lumen these fold have tiny finger like projections called villi very high turnover if cells

Question 41

role of small intestinal villi

Answer 41

lined with epithelial cells absorb nutrients quickly

Question 42

what is absorption?

Answer 42

the transfer of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph vessels

Question 43

the accessory organs

Answer 43

pancreas gallbladder liver

Question 44

the hepatic portal vein

Answer 44

the vessel that brings nutrients from intestines to the liver

Question 45

what eliminates the solid waste?

Answer 45

the large intestine --> it absorbs water and minerals

Question 46

large intestine microbes

Answer 46

400 species we can help them with probiotic foods

Question 47

the pump to keep the blood moving through the system

Answer 47

blood

Question 48

the main boys in the network of blood vessels

Answer 48

arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

Question 49

arteries

Answer 49

large enough to see in naked eye and can hold in hand

Question 50

arterioles

Answer 50

they be small what gives the nutrients to our cells

Question 51

can we see a blood capillary?

Answer 51

nah they be microscopic