chapter 2: illuminating Standards and food

Question 1

DRI (dietary reference intakes)

Answer 1

what supports food guides

reference values that are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes

used for planning and assessing diets

Question 2

people dont worry about deficiency related diseases anymore

what do they worry about?

Answer 2

diet related diseases

cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes

Question 3

three DRI objectives?

Answer 3

prevent deficiency diseases

reduce risk of chronic diseases

safely supplement use and fortification

Question 4

the the DRI groups

Answer 4

Most nutrients:

• Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
• Adequate Intake (AI)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Energy and Macronutrients:

• estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Question 5

how many life stages do males and females have?

Answer 5

males: 10
females: 16

Question 6

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 6

nutrient requirement that meets the needs of 50% of the population

based on a diagnostic test that can measure adequate amounts on the human body

a requirement, not a recommendation, so that 50% of population dont get a deficiency disease

Question 7

• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Answer 7

Gold standard in DRIs

the average daily nutrient intake levels that meets the needs of 98% of individuals in a particular life stage or gender group

we use a diagnostic test

Question 8

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 8

when we dont have a diagnostic tests

we need a guessing game

based on the intake levels of a healthy group of people in a particular life stage or gender group

exceeds EAR and lies somewhere near or above the RDA, but below the UL

Question 9

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 9

the highest level of usual daily intake likely to be safe

above is toxicity and death in worst cases

meant to avoid excesses

Question 10

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Answer 10

deals with caloric intake

represents the number of calories that maintain energy balance in a healthy person

individualized estimate

Question 11

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Answer 11

what proportion of energy intake should come from the main three macronutrients?

45 to 65% from carbs

20 to 35% from fats

10 to 35% from protein

reducing risks of diet related chronic diseases while still getting energy intake you need

Question 12

who uses DRIs?

Answer 12

registered dietitians

food industry (for when they do the nutrition facts table)

Question 13

Canadian major food groups

Answer 13

Grains

Milk and Alternatives

Meat and Alternatives

Fruit and Veggies

Question 14

Grains

Answer 14

a seed that contains a plant embryo (Germ)

Fibre-rich only when whole

often enriched or refined because they lost nutrients while turning it into bread par ex

Question 15

to what family do Grains belong to?

Answer 15

to the Grass family

Question 16

Milk and Alternatives

Answer 16

products that retain their content of mineral calcium

milk is food for mammals and is en evolutionary success as a food for mammals

mostly fat and protein

Question 17

Meat and Alternatives

Answer 17

meat, poultry, and fish

proteiiin

alternatives are legumes, eggs, nuts, and seeds

–> these are food from an embryo

Question 18

legume family

Answer 18

includes beans, peas, and lentils

these are embryos included in a pod

also includes peanut

do not include tree nuts

Question 19

Fruit and Veggies

Answer 19

most important food group

botanically, these are all fruits

Question 20

Canada’s food guide

Answer 20

simplifies our needed consumption of the big food groups

goes from what we should eat most to what we should eat less