before final Flashcards
high quality protein includes what
meats
soy products and quinoa
does rice have gluten?
nah
Amino acids have a nitrogen-containing component as part of their chemical makeup. When amino acids are deaminated, the nitrogen-containing component is removed and converted into ammonia. What happens to the ammonia?
a) Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.
b) Ammonia is broken down into carbon and oxygen, which are excreted by the lungs.
c) Ammonia is metabolized for energy.
d) Ammonia is used to detoxify the liver.
a) Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.
Each amino acid contains three different groups of atoms. Match the group with its role or defining characteristic.
part:
Amino group
R group
Carbon skeleton
characteristic:
Contains the nitrogen atom
Can be converted to glucose and used for energy
Differs with each amino acid
Amino group: Contains the nitrogen atom
R group: Differs with each amino acid
Carbon skeleton: Can be converted to glucose and used for energy
The nitrogen atom is in the amino group.
The R group identifies the molecule as a particular amino acid.
The carbon skeleton is an important component of an amino acid because the body can convert the carbon skeletons of certain amino acids to glucose and use the simple sugar for energy
Foods differ in their protein quality. A complete protein provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acids. An incomplete protein lacks adequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids. Which of the following foods contains incomplete protein?
A sandwich made with turkey
A handful of peanuts
A cup of soy milk
A casserole made with quinoa
A handful of peanuts
Celiac disease is a condition characterized by destruction of intestinal villi and poor nutrient absorption. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following meals EXCEPT _______.
barley soup
a rueben sandwich on rye bread
a muffin made with wheat bran
a casserole made with quinoa, milk, and cheese
a casserole made with quinoa, milk, and cheese
When a person eats more protein than his or her body needs, the extra protein is _______.
used to form extra large muscles
converted to glucose or fat
not absorbed
stored in muscle tissue for future use
converted to glucose or fat
Excess dietary protein and amino acids _______.
can be used for energy
make hair grow faster
cause weight loss
build muscle
can be used for energy
______ is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid
Transamination
Denaturation
Hydrogenation
Deamination
Deamination
Which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance?
Starvation
Illness
Puberty
Marasmus
Puberty
Which of the following foods is a source of complementary protein?
Trail mix made with cashews, raisins, almonds, honey, and dried banana flakes
Leafy greens salad topped with peanuts
Whole-wheat bread with an apricot spread
Mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread
Mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread
Which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein that a vegan would eat?
Yogurt
Brown rice
Quinoa
Sweet potatoes
Quinoa
The only sources of retinoids, also called ___, are animal foods, including liver and fish.
also called preformed vitamin A
Other carotenoids include zeaxanthin and ___, which help maintain good eye health.
lutein
megaloblastic anemia
folate-deficiency condition
cells that would normally mature into red blood cells cannot form DNA to divide and mature properly
the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen is reduced
Pernicious anemia is due to what
lack of Vitamin B 12
To be classified as a vitamin, a compound must generally meet certain criteria. Check all that apply.
Check All That Apply
The substance cannot be made in the body.
The body requires the substance for maintaining good health
Absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period produces deficiency symptoms that, if caught in time, are quickly cured when the substance is resupplied.
A synthetic version of the compound is available in a dietary supplement
The body requires the substance for maintaining good health
Absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period produces deficiency symptoms that, if caught in time, are quickly cured when the substance is resupplied.
Certain vitamins or provitamins have antioxidant properties that help protect against free radical damage to cells. Check all of the following substances that have antioxidant activity.
Check All That Apply
Niacin
Beta-carotene
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Beta-carotene
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Why are older people at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency compared to younger people?
As you age, your stomach produces less acid, which limits cleavage of vitamin B-12 from food.
As you age, your metabolism slows and a rapid metabolism is required for optimal vitamin B-12 absorption.
As you age, your macula begins to turn yellow-a sign of excessive folate absorption, which masks vitamin B-12 deficiency.
As you age, your bones become more porous; porous bones do not absorb vitamin B-12 as well as dense bones do.
As you age, your stomach produces less acid, which limits cleavage of vitamin B-12 from food.
Ryan is interested in conserving the vitamin content in his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following practices help maintain foods’ vitamin content EXCEPT _______.
Multiple Choice
cutting vegetables just before cooking/serving
cooking vegetables in a small amount of water
cutting vegetables into large chunks before cooking
storing fresh produce in a warm, dry, and well-lit place
cutting vegetables into large chunks before cooking
storing fresh produce in a warm, dry, and well-lit place
Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body’s absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin?
You can eat fruits and vegetables with a source of iron because the mineral enhances fat-soluble pro-vitamin uptake.
You can add margarine or butter to vegetables during cooking.
You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.
You can wash fruits and vegetables before cooking.
You can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.
Of the following medicinal uses of vitamin megadoses, which is the only one for which scientific research indicates there is some benefit?
Folic acid, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 to reduce heart disease risk by lowering homocysteine levels
Vitamin B-6 to reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
Vitamin C to lessen symptoms of the common cold
Vitamin E to reduce heart disease
Vitamin C to lessen symptoms of the common cold
Most B vitamins function as _______.
intermediates
antioxidants
metabolites
coenzymes
coenzymes
n food, vitamin B-12 is naturally bound to
animal protein
While in your ___, vitamin B-12 binds to intrinsic factor, forming a vitamin complex.
duodenum
deficiency for thiamin
beriberi
