Question 3 Flashcards
Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory
3 levels with 2 stages
1st) Preconventional
2nd) Conventional
3rd) Postconventional
2 Stages of Preconventional
1) Punishment and obedience
2) Instrumental purpose orientation
2 Stages of Conventional
3) Morality of interpersonal cooperation
4) Social-order-maintaining orientation
2 Stages of Postconventional
5) Social contract orientation
6) Universal ethical principle
Preconventional level
Morality is externally controlled. Children accept rules of authority figures and judge actions by consequences. Behaviours which result in punishment are bad, those that lead to reward are good
Stage 1
Punishment and Obedience. Find it difficult to consider two points of view in moral dilemma and as a result they overlook intentions and focus on avoiding authority
Stage 2
Instrumental purpose orientation. Realise people can have different perspectives at a moral dilemma and understand reciprocity as equal exchange of favours
Stage 3
Morality of interpersonal cooperation. Desire to obey rules because they promote social harmony. Individuals want to be a good person.
Stage 4
Social-order-maintaining. Takes into account a larger perspective, that of societal laws. Moral choices no longer depend on close ties to others instead rules must be enforced in the same fashion for everyone.
Stage 5
Social Contract Orientation. Laws and rules as flexible instruments for furthering human purposes
Stage 6
Universal ethical principle orientation. Right action defined by self-chosen ethical principles that are valid for all humanity, regardless of law and social agreement
2 Opposers of Kohlberg’s Theory
1) Gilligan
2) Pragmatic approach
Pragmatic approach
People make moral judgements at varying levels of maturity, depending on context and motivations
Gilligan’s 3 Stages of Moral development in women
1) Orientation toward individual survival
2) Goodness as self-sacrifice
3) Morality of nonviolence
Stage 1 of Gilligan
what is good for self
