Lecture/Tutorial 11 Flashcards
Marcia’s 4 Identity Stages
1) Identity achievement
2) Identity moratorium
3) Identity foreclosure
4) Identity diffusion
Identity Achievement
Individual has explored meaningful alternatives and made a commitment
Identity Moratorium
Individual has explored meaningful alternatives but hasn’t made a commitment
Identity Foreclosure
Individual hasn’t explored meaningful alternatives but has made a commitment
Identity Diffusion
Individual hasn’t explored meaningful alternatives and hasn’t made a commitment
5 Factors which Promote Identity Development
1) Attending university
2) Personality traits (confidence, flexible, self-reflective)
3) Family (serves as secure base)
4) Peers (warm, trusting and provide emotional support)
5) School, community, culture
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Understanding
6 Stages at three levels
Level 1) Preconventional level
Level 2) Conventional level
Level 3) Postconventional/principled level
2 Stages of Preconventional level
1) punishment and obedience (how can I avoid punishment)
2) instrumental purpose orientation (whats in it for me)
2 Stages of Conventional level
3) morality and interpersonal cooperation
4) social-order maintaining orientation
2 Stages of Postconventional/Principled level
5) Crucial construct orientation
6) Universal ethnical principle orientation
Preconventional level
Morality is externally controlled (accepting rules of authority figures) and has not yet internalised societies conventions regarding what is right or wrong
Conventional level
Regard conformity to social rules as important but not for reasons of self-interest. Obeys rules and follows society’s norms even when there are no negative consequences for disobedience
Postconventional level
Moves beyond unquestioned support for the laws and rules. Live by their own abstract principles about right and wrong- principles that typically include basic human rights as life, liberty and justice
