Question

Question 1

What is the oldest pharmacy science s?

Answer 1

Pharmacognosy

Question 2

Crude drug

Answer 2

Raw drug

Question 3

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Compound composed of C, H and O
Polysaccharides

(Carbon surround with H2O)

Question 4

Primary metabolites

Answer 4

Compounds that are essential of growth and development of plants
(Plants can’t live without them)
Eg: sugars, amino acids , nucleotides and lipids

Question 5

Secondary metabolites

Answer 5

Compounds that don’t function in growth and development of plants
* Play important role in defense against pathogens
* Attraction for pollination

Eg : tannins, alkaloids, waxes , glycosides , volatile oil and carbohydrates (pectin , gums and mucilage)

Question 6

Gums

Answer 6

Natural plant hydrocolloids classified as polysaccharides or their salts (adhesive and viscous solution in H2O)

*They contain Mg and Ca salts of uronic acids
* T A substance produced for protection as result of injury

Question 7

T and A

Answer 7

Colorless and Amorphous

Question 8

Uronic acids

Answer 8

Glucose or sugar that has been oxidized

Question 9

What is Mucilage ?

Answer 9

Sugars and uronic acids units deposited in plant cells

• Form viscous colloidal solution in H2O non-adhesive

Question 10

Types of mucilage?

Answer 10

Acidic mucilage: red color with ruthenium Red
Neutral mucilage: blue color with methylene blue (مفهوش uronic acids)

Question 11

Pectin

Answer 11

The dilute acid extract of the inner of citrus fruit (🍊🍋) and apple pomace

• Soluble in water to give a viscous, colloidal and acidic solution
  Uses : suspending agent - anti_diarrhoel formulation

Question 12

Glycosides

Answer 12

They are composed of two parts : sugar part ( glycone )
Non- sugar part (aglycone= genin)

• They soluble in water (the higher the sugar content, the less the solubility in organic solvent)

Question 13

Which part of glycolysides have the therapeutic activity ?

Answer 13

Aglycone part
(Glycone is transportation of aglycone to site of action )

Question 14

Classification of glycosides

Answer 14

Phenolic Glycosides
Thiglycosides
Cyanophore Glycosides
Steroidal Cardio active Glycosides
Saponins

Question 15

Thiglycosides

Answer 15

Thiocyanate found widely in cruciferous plants and black mustard

Question 16

Steroidal Cardio active Glycosides

Answer 16

They increase tone excitability of cardiac muscles
High dose cause death

Question 17

Tannins

Answer 17

Have sharp astringent taste and high MWt (1000-5000)

*Condensed tannins green color with FeCl3
* Hydrolysable tannins give blue color with FeCl3

They cause precipitation of gelatin, proteins as well as alkaloids

Question 18

What are the Uses of drug containing tannins ? 8

Answer 18

1. Astingent for Hemorrhoids and skin abrasion
2. Antidote for heavy metals and alkaloids poisoning
3. Treatment of burns
4. Leather tanning
5. Ink preparation
6. Antioxidant
7. Anticancer

Question 19

Alkaloids

Answer 19

Are basic nitrogenous compounds, they occur in form salts of organic and inorganic acids (water soluble )

Question 20

Narcotic and Analgesic alkaloids

Answer 20

Morphine
Codeine

Question 21

Central stimulant alkaloids

Answer 21

Caffeine

Question 22

Mydriatic action alkaloids

Answer 22

Atropine

Question 23

Smooth muscle relaxant

Answer 23

Papaverine

Question 24

Skeleton muscle relaxant

Answer 24

Tubocurarine

Question 25

Chemical test for alkaloids

Answer 25

Mayer reagent give creamy white ppt
Dragendorff reagent give orange color

Question 26

What are waxes

Answer 26

They are esters of fatty acids
Contain large amount of free acids, hydrocarbon and sterols

Question 27

Waxes uses and origin

Answer 27

Animal: beeswax
Vegetables: carnuba wax
Used widely in industry polish and cosmetics

Question 28

Resins

Answer 28

They soft and melt on heating , insoluble in H2O but soluble in alcohol

Question 29

Volatile oil

Answer 29

Enhancing physiological conditions