Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is the bark?
All tissue outside the cambium of woody plants
Who protect the internal tissue
Cork cambium
Stem layer
I.Bark:
A.outer bark:
1.Rhytidoma
2.periderm :2ry cork-cork cambium- 2ry cortex))
3.1ry cortex
B.Middle bark
C.inner bark
II.Wood: 2ry phloem
1ry phloem
Pith
Why we do bark decortication ?
It contains low % of active constituents
It contains higher % of tannins
بنشيل اي ف ال decortication ؟
Cork and 2ry cortex (store tannins) or outer bark and middle bark
What is Incomplete bark?
If any layer of the bark is removed
Shape of barks
Flate
Curved
Chanelled
Single quil
Double quil
Compound quil
What is lenticels?
Small openings on plant stem or root . they allow exchange gases between plants and environment
What is epiphytes ?
Plants that grow on other planets and they play critical rule in rainforest ecosystem. They provide fruit and seeds for animals and ther act like storage system for other rainforest organsms
Calloses
a special polysaccharide found in cell of plants made by enzyme callose synthase that block the vessels of the vascular bundles in response to mechanical damage (block in winter which is end growing season)
Keratencylhyma
These callus plants permanently close the tubes this due to the internal pressure
Cinchona origin
Dried stem and root bark of cinchona officinalis (pale cinchona) family Rubiaceae
Cinchona colors
Officinalis (pale cinchona)
Ledgeriana (yellow cinchona)
Succirubra (red cinchona)
Cinchona shape
Flate , channeled , single quill
Active constituents of cinchona and chemical test
Tannins
Alkaloids (quinoline alkaloids (30 Alkaloids known as totaquine))
FeCL3 gives greenish black
Mayer’s reagent gives white creamy ppt
Test for red cinchona (sublimation test) gives reddish fummes
Sublimation test for Arputin too
Medical uses of cinchona 6
1.Antimalarial (Quinine)
2.Gargles due to tannins
3.Bitter stomachic & gastroenteritis &gall bladder problems
4. Stimulate hair growth
5. Anti arrhythmic
6. Anti rheumatic & anti pyretic
Pomegranate origin
Dried stem and root bark of punica granatum family punicaceae
Active constituents and chemical test for punica granatum
Alkaloids
Tannins
Mayer’s reagent
Ferric chloride test
Uses of punica granatum
Anti oxidant
Astringent
Anthelmintic for tape worm
Cassia (syn)
Chinese cinnamon
Cinnamon origin and shape
Dried stem of shoots of cinnamomum zeylanicum family lauraceae (deprived of most its cortex)
Single quill, double quill
Cassia origin and shape
Dried stem bark of cinnamomum cassia family lauraceae
Channeled, single quill covered with grey patches
Cinnamon active constituents and chemical test
1.Volatile oils (Eugenol (in clove also)) Sudan III gives orange red color
2. Tannins FeCL3 gives greenish black color
3. Mucilage (ruthenium red gives red color)
Cassia active constituents and chemical test
VO less - No Eugenol
Tannins Higher
Mucilage
Uses of cinnamon 6
- Antisepasmodic
2.Anti- diabetic
3.Anti_ Cancer
4.Decrease level of cholesterol
5.Anti- Alzheimer’s
6.Emmenagogue
Uses of cinnamon (6)
1.Anti-septic (Due to eugenol (so in clove also))
2. Mild Astringent (tannins )
3. Help in loss weight
4. Warming stimulant in cold conditions
5. Flavoring agent
6. Carminative
Salix origin and active constituents (Willow tree)
Simple phenolic Glycosides salicin (sublimation test)
Dried inner bark of salix alba family salicaceae
Salix uses and side effects
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