Lecture 8 Flashcards
German chamomile origin
Dried flowers capitulum of Matricaria chamomile family Asteraceae (Daisy)
North Africa and Europe, cultivated in Egypt
Shape chamomile (5)
1.Inflorescence: single capitulum
2.Receptacle: conical, hemispherical, hollow
3. florets few ray florets (10-20) and numerous disc florets
4. Involucre : present,2-3 row of green bracts
5. Calyx absent
Active constituents in matricaria
Volatile oil (blue color)
Tannins
Anthemic acids (bitter principle )
Flavonoids
Uses of Matricaria (7)
Carminative
Bitter stomachic (anthemic acid )
Sedative and calming, anxiolytic , in insomnia
Antispasmodic
Anti-inflammatory (due to flavonoids)
Ulcer protection
Diaphoretic
Pyrethrum origin
Dried flower capitulum of chrysanthemum cinerariifolium family Asteraceae
Indigenous to Balkans , cultivated in Kenya , Tanzania, Japan, Ecuador
Pyrethrum 3
- Inflorescence: single capitulum
- Receptacle: nearly flat
Florets few ray florets in single row and numerous disc florets - Involucre: present 2-3 rows of hairy bracts
Prethrum active constituents and chemical test
Prethrins (اي حاجه فيها ester)
Flavonoids
Williamson’s reagent (crimson red color)
Pyrethrum uses
Poten insecticide and pesticide with low mammalian toxicity
Anti lice
Scabicide
Ectoparasitcide (in veterinary medicine)
Santonica origin
Asterisia cina family Asteraceae
Active constituents and chemical test santonica
Volatile oils
Sesquiterpene: respesible for anthelmintic activity
Artemisin
Santonin
Kaselbach test : carmine red color
Santonica uses
In gallery
Clove orogin
Dried buds of Eugenia aromatica family Myrtaceae
Family Myrtaceae
Psidium gaujava
Eugenia aromatica
Crystals of calcium oxalate in the clove called…..
Columella
Active constituents and chemical tests for clove
Volatile oil
Tannins
Flavonoids
Resins and fixed oil
Clove VO is heavier than water (due to eugenol content)
Sudan III gives orange red color
FeCL3 gives green
KOH
Clove adulteration
- Clove stalk (have sclereids , prisms of Ca.ox , starch , fiber and less VO)
- Mother clove (Anthophilli) : abundant starch less VO
- Exhausted clove : shrunken, float on water
Uses of clove 5
1.Toothache,dentistry (Analgesic and local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory )
- Manufacture of vanillin
3.spice, condiment
4. Anti inflammatory
5. Antisepasmodic and carminative
Lavender origin
Dried flowers of lavendula officinalis family labiatae
Inflorescence: Verticillaster
Microscopic key elements of lavender
Knotty hair
Candellabra hair
Labiaceous hair
Hexagonal pollen grains
Diacytic stomta
Lavender active constituents and chemical test
Volatile oils
Tannins
Sudan III
FeCL3
Uses of lavender
Gallery
Uses of lavender
Gallery
Hibiscus origin
Dried calyx and epicalyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa family malvaceae
Active constituents and chemical test for hibiscus sabdariffa
Anthocyanins
Flavonoids
Organic acids
Mucilage
Vitamin c and minerals
HCl / H2O boil and filter gives Dark red color look at galary
Hibiscus sabdariffa family uses 5
Mild laxative
Sadative
Antihypertensive in cold
Diuretic
Food coloring
Saffron origin
Dried stigmas and top of style of crocus sativus family Iridaeceae
Collected in the morning and dried over charcoal
Active constituents and chemical test for saffron
Cricetin (carotenoid aglycone) color
Safranal (volatile aroma ) odor and taste ( picrocrocin bitter glycosides)
Saffron stain water yellow
Powder+ H2SO4 (deep blue, violet, wine red)
Uses of crocus sativus
Natural coloring matter
Anti spasmodic
An emmenagogue
Anti-cancer and antioxidant
Side effects of crocus sativus
Uterine stimulant, abortifacient at high doses
