Lecture 5

Question 1

What are leaves

Answer 1

Lateral outgrowth on the stem normally of limited growth function mainly as a food factory

Question 2

Types of leaves (5)

Answer 2

Floral leaves
Cotyledon leaves (seed leaves)
Scale leaves
Bract
Foliage

Question 3

Floral leaves

Answer 3

Include sepale , petals, stamens and carpels (No buds in their axils)

Question 4

Cotyledon leaves

Answer 4

Supply nutrition for plants embryo to generate

Question 5

Bract

Answer 5

Leaves have flower or group of flowers in their axils

Question 6

Foliage leaves

Answer 6

Ordinary green leaves Normal leaf function (photosynthesis )

Question 7

Scale leaves

Answer 7

Thin , membranous No chlorophyll (don’t do photosynthesis)
Protect buds and store water

Question 8

Types of foliage leaves

Answer 8

• Opposite
• Opposite decussate or spiral (2 opposite leaves perpendicular to the pair above and below)
• Alternate (1leaf in each node)
• Whorled (2 leaves or more at each node)

Question 9

Stipulate

Answer 9

Like Small thorn grow for protection of young axillary bud

Stem without stipulate called exstipulate

Question 10

Types of foliage leaves (petiolate)

Answer 10

Petiolate
Sessile
Pulvunis (petiolate with small swollen sac of water in its end)

Question 11

Leaf shape (mention three)

Answer 11

ovate
Cordate
Linear
Lenceolate
Oblong

Question 12

Leaf apex

Answer 12

Acute
Spiny
Rounded
Emarginate

Question 13

Leaf margin

Answer 13

Smooth - entire
Dentate
Lobed

Question 14

Lamina base

Answer 14

Symmetric
Asymmetric

Question 15

Leaf histology

Answer 15

Study of leaf tissue under microscope

Question 16

What is stomata

Answer 16

Modified epidermal cells
Function : exchange gases and transportation

Question 17

Stomata

Answer 17

Osteol (pore or stoma)
Guard cells
Accessory cells (cells surround the guard cells)
* number of stomata in lower surface is larger than number of stomata in upper surface )

Question 18

Types of stomata

Answer 18

Paracytic
Diacytic
Anomocytic
Anisocytic

Question 19

Anther name for Hairs is ……………

Answer 19

Trichomes

Question 20

Hairs function

Answer 20

Key role in plant protection

Question 21

Types of trichomes

Answer 21

Non glandular
Glandular (have the ability to store natural products (essential oils ) )

Question 22

Senna trichomes

Answer 22

Non glandular unicellular curved (bent hair ) covered with warty ceutical

Question 23

Chemical test for senna

Answer 23

Borntrager’s test (test for free anthraquinone)
Modified borntrager’s test (test for combined anthraquinone)
Ruthenium Red (test for acidic mucilage )

Question 24

Senna uses

Answer 24

1.Laxative for constipation
2. Bowel evacuation prior to surgery or x-ray investigation
3. Slimming herbal tea

Question 25

Side effects and contraindications

Answer 25

Look at galary

Question 26

Origin of buchu

Answer 26

Dried leaves of Agathosma betulina family Rutaceae

Question 27

Buchu leaves uses

Answer 27

Uninary tract antiseptic in UTI

Diosmen is venotonic (improve veinous tone)

Question 28

Buchu chemical test

Answer 28

Sudan III (for volatile oil ) gives orange red color

KOH / NH3 gives yellow color due to flavonoid glycoside

Question 29

Which part of the leaf is known as the leaf blade?

Answer 29

Lamina