Quarter Final 3 Flashcards
What class increased?
The middle class
When the war was over, what discontinued?
Manufacture jobs that produced tanks, guns, weapons,etc; many people lost their jobs
Define demobilization
Bringing home soldiers
How many soldiers were in the army before and after demobilization?
12 million before - 3 million after
What MADE the Americans worried and scared?
A poll showed 60% would fall in earnings and not get jobs
What did the government do to help avoid depression?
Passed the GI Bill to help the soldiers
What were the 3 aspects of the GI Bill
It provided year of employment
Provided money for college
And helped veterans build houses or jump start business
Which aspect of the GI Bill was the greatest?
Education - many soldiers were just finishing high school when joining
What increased jobs ( think of GI Bill )
Offering money for houses. Someone had to build the houses and it created jobs.
Time when there were a lot of babies; post war activities
Baby boom
When soldiers came back from war how did they “get to business” ?
They made up for lost time and got married and had children
How much did soldiers have for college ?
500$ a year
How much was used for soldier education funding?
8 million
How much was it to live on own? With wife/husband?
50$ a month 75$ a month with family
When was the peak of the baby boom?
1957 - child born every 7 secs
How long did baby boom last?
1940-1960
How much did the population grow from baby boom?
27%
What was the only economic problem?
Skyrocketed prices
Did gov control economy ?
No
How much did prices in creases?
18%
When did meat price double
1946
WHY were prices so high?
So much money for few little options
What hire people after the war?
The demand for goods went up so the production needed to go up
What the ironic thing about United States population to consumer goods
We only took up 6% of population of the world but provided 50% of consumer goods
What were new technological advances?
Computers, atomic energy
The rate at which goods and services are produced
Productivity
What increased productivity
New technology
What did military spending increase
New product ideas, foreign goods, and new ideas
Trumans job before president
Vice President
What was so problamatic with rum an at president now?
He stepped into the Cold War and a trouble democracy, leaving people unsure of their security economically; weren’t sure of civil rights would be fair
What did Truman face (2 probz)
Restless labor movement and combative Republican Party
Why did workers go on strike?
They wanted more money and to take to keep up with inflation
What did the Taft Hartley act do?
Only outlawed the closed shop- only workers in unions could work
What did Truman do to reform?
Tried to reform civil rights relations
What executive order made military integrated?
1948 executive order 9981
Why did the Southern Democrats leave and start their our party?
They didn’t like th civil rights movement Truman was putting on
What was theSouthern democrats new leader for president?
South Carolina governor Strom Thurman
Broke with Truman because of foreign issues, new progressive party candidate
Henry Wallace
Who won 1948 elections?
Truman
Republican candidate for election against Truman
Thomas Dewey
What was the Fair Deal
Trumans campaign promise; would strengthen existing New deal programs such as national health care
1952 Republican candidates
Dwight Ike Eisenhower
Democratic candidate in 1952
Aldai Stevenson from Illinois go nor
Why was Eisenhower nominated
Was popular, balanced, middle of road guy
Why was spending increased during Eisenhower running?
He made the interstate system and spent on education
What were the Americans worried about at the beginning of the 1950’s?
Another depression; not having enough jobs
How many people moved to suburbs?
40 million
What suffered from the migration
Cities and rural areas
Why did people flock to suburbs?
Shortage of urban housing
Founded suburbs
William levitt
First town of suburbs
Levittown
FHA
Federal housing administration
What FHA help do?
Help pay mortgages for long time like 30 years
What was popular in suburbs?
Shopping center
How many jumps did the cars go from
26 mill in 1945 to 60 mill 1960
New technology of cars
Powered steering , brakes and transmission
What did the car design remind people of?
Had chrome which looked like jet plane
What grew the suburbs
Highways
Describe interstate Highway Act
Authorized 41k miles connected major cities too
Other name for highway
Dwight D Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defensive Highways
What did the highways and suburbs boost
Vacation
What met vacation demands
Disneyland
Sun belt
Southern and western states
What sparked the sunbelt
Dodgers and giants moving to California
What attracted people to sunbelt?
Jobs, weather, AC
Where did Mexicans settle
Miami Florida
As people moved out of cities what also left them?
Political power, Money (tax),
Services like health care, insurance, law, retail
Service sector
Blue collar jobs
Manufacturer or industrial
White collar
Service sector jobs
Computer first computer took up 18,000 square feet
ENIAC
ENIAC
Electronic Numeric integrator and computer
What job was declining as new ones were rising?
Farming
How may family’s worked on farms in 1935
1/4
How many families worked on farms in 1960
1/10
What helped farmers and workers grow food faster?
Mechanical cotton packers, chemical pesticides,
Franchise
Allows company to distribute its goods and services to retail individual owners
Why did people like franchises
Because they were spread out and had quality and sameness regardless of location
Who started holiday in and why?
Kemmons Wilson : he took a trip and realize there weren’t enough hotels and room for his family; went to hotel business
What did critics say about franchises ?
It was too bland and unoriginal
Businesses that expand all over the world
Multinational business
Name some multinational businesses
GM, General Electric, IBM, and Coca Cola
AFL-CIO what were they and who did they influence
American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization; labor unions; Democratic Party
What increased productivity
Higher educated work force
1960 percent of college attendants
40%
Act that gave 1 billion dollars to find scientist and science teacher in response to Sputnik
National defense act
Plan by western state to increase edu
California master plan
Three aspects of California master plan
Research universities, state college and community colleges
Segregated schools by order of Supreme Court
Brown vs board of education of tokepea
What was ideal man ?
Go to school get better job support family and make decisions
What was the ideal woman
Stay home and take care of children and make man happy
Buying as much as you can
Consumerism
What did Americans use for to aid their consumerism
Credit
Vocab word: average family income
Median family income
How was advertising affected by consumerism
Encouraged “buy now, pay later”
Who introduced first credit card
The diner club
What was the main purchased goods?
Home appliances ( washer dryer ref ridge
What appeared as home appliances were needed?
Super markets
Name for women at home
Bread winners
How much of the work force was made of women during war
25%
Mother father and children at home
Nuclear family
Movie about women staying home with family and children
The tender trap
What exaggerated and promoted nuclear family’s ?
tv
How many women have jobs in 1960
1/3
Man who passed book about babies
Dr Benjamin Spock
What did Benjamin’s Spock book about
Raising children with love and no discipline
What was Spock’s book called
Common sense book of baby and child care
How was the time focus on the children
They spent money on them
Popular toys for children
Davy Crockett’s caps and Barbie dolls
Book about how wives should act
Good Wife Guide 19 rules
Main topics of good wife guide
Clean the hous
Quiet the children
Greet husband
Cook
The rise of church attenders went from what to what
50 million to 80 million
Man who held church revivals to get people to come to church
Billy Graham
Bishop who held television broadcasts to get people to go to church
Fulton sheen
When did girls get marrie
Young 18 and 19
Why was there a revival of religion
To stop and respond to communists
What percent of Americans affiliated themselves with religion by end of 50’s
95%
When was under God added to pledge
1954
When did in God to we trust get added currency
1955
Developed vaccination of polio
Dr Jonas Salk
What medical advance was new in 1950’s
Open heart surgery
Where did rock and roll come from
Jazz and African American R&B
Why did people put God we trust on currency and the God in the pledge
To reassure the central realign in USA
What was another huge medical advancement like the polio vaccine?
Antibiotics
How did tvs threaten the movie industries
People would stay home rather than go see a movie
Popular shows kids watched
Mickey Mouse club house, howdy doody show, and Lone Ranger
Popular sitcoms
I love Lucy, leave it to beaver, the adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, and father knows best
What did family sitcoms consist of
No divorce, real world problems like alcohol, depression, and no major African American characters
DJ in clev land , named rock and roll
Allen freedmen
How did teenagers and adolescents feel about society?
Discontent ; did not like conformity ; not enough opportunity
Promoted spot iatedity and rejected conformity
Beatniks
Wrote on the road ; spiritual leader for beatniks
Jack Kerauac
Rejected the uniform middle ; literary movement class culture
Beat movement
Described the house of the woman and her life
Feminine mystique
Who wrote feminine mystique
Betty Friedman
What was so bad when people left cities? What did lose
Political power, tax money, left them in poverty, jobs went to suburbs
How were Puerto Ricans discriminated? Why?
Forced to leave houses, put in labor camps, little help of gov, all because of lack of English
Organized Mexicans into unions
Ernest golaza
Place of crime and bad school and housing; after people left cities
Inner city
How did gov try to revive cities
With urban renewal project
How did urban renewal back fire
People left the project to aid highways and such
What did farmers face?
Industrial bigger farms and poverty
How many worked in bracero program and what was its nickname
3 mil and legal slavery
What was the termination policy
Terminating tribes and their land; sold natives land and government no longer support them
Name Klamath Tribe advantage
5 members got welfare and 93% of payment
Deaths of Klamath
28% died by age 25
52% died by 40
What was the chance to retake native lands
AIM American Indian movement
