Quantification of AS Flashcards
What ways can we measure AS?
- velocity
- PPG
- MPG
- AVA by Volume or Velocity Method
- AV Index
- V1/V2 ratio
NORMS OF VELOCITY
Borderline/Aortic Sclerosis?
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
> 1.7 - 2.5 m/s
2.5 but < 3 m/s
3-4 m/s
4 m/s
What is the Standard PPG equation and when would you use?
P = 4 (V2^2 - V1^2)
if V1 is greater than 1m/s
What is the Simplified PPG equation and when would you use it?
P= 4(V2^2)
if V1 is less than 1 m/s
What are the PPG NORMS?
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
< 36 mmHg
36-64 mmHg
> 64 mmHg
How do you get a MEAN PPG?
tracing the Doppler envelope, all velocities are determined and then given
What are the MPG NORMS?
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
< 20 mmHg
20 - 40 mmHg
> 40 mmHg
What is the AVA formula?
AVAcm2 = (.785 x LVIDd^2) x VTI lvot/ VTI av
What are the AVA NORMS?
Normal?
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
2.5 - 4.5 cm2
1.5 - 2.5 cm2
1 - 1.5 cm2
< 1 cm2
What is a downfall of using pressure gradients?
dependent on volume flow rate
What is a caution of the Continuity Equation?
can overestimate the severity of AS in pts with significant LVSD
How can we differentiate MR/TR from AI when using CW doppler?
they are
- holosystolic
- shorter R to onset of flow
- longer ejection time
What is the AV Index equation?
AV Index = AVAcm2 / BSA m2
What is the AV Index?
dependent on body size, recommended in smaller people
Norms of AV INDEX?
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?
> .85 cm2
.6 - 8.5 cm2
< .6 cm2
