Pulmonic Stenosis Flashcards
What are the CAUSES of PS?
- congenital
- less common: carcinoid, rheumatic, endocarditis
What are the CONGENITAL causes of PS?
- tetralogy of fallot
- noonan’s syndrome
What are the SYMPTOMS with mild- moderate PS?
asymptomatic
What are the SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of severe PS?
- signs of overload to right side and cava
- jugular venous distension
- peripheral edema
- hepatomegaly
- ascites
What are the symptoms in infants if accompanied by significant R to L shunt?
cyanosis- blue discoloration of skin, lips, digits due to lack of oxygenated blood
What type of PALPITATION is felt with PS?
systolic thrill palpated on the precordium during systole
What type of AUSCULTATION is heard with PS?
harsh systolic ejection murmur at higher LSB
What are the TREATMENTS for PS?
- balloon valvuloplasty
- valve replacement
- possible anti prophylactics
What are the 2D FINDINGS of PS?
- Thickened restricted leaflets with systolic doming
- RVH > 5 mm
- Eventual RVE and ↓ RVSF
- RAE
- Post stenotic dilatation of PA
- PSM and D shaped LV in systole and diastole due to RV pressure overload
What are the M MODE FINDINGS of PS?
- Thickened restricted leaflets with systolic doming
- Increased “a” wave
What measurement is a NORMAL “a wave”?
2.0 - 7.0 mm
What measurement indicates a STENOTIC “a wave”?
> 7.0 mm
What are the QUANTIFICATIONS done for PS?
- velocity
- PPG
- valve area
- location: aliasing color flow
What VELOCITY indicates PS?
> 1.3 m/sec
What are the NORMS for VELOCITY?
mild: < 3 m/sec
mod: 3-4 m/sec
severe: > 4 m/sec
