Pulmonic Regurgitation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the PATHOLOGIC CAUSES of PR?
A
- Dilated annulus due to PHT
- Dilated annulus due to chamber enlargement (RV/PA)
- Congenital
- PA catheter..critical care, bedside
- Other: endocarditis, myxomatous, rheumatic, carcinoid
2
Q
What is the MOST COMMON pathologic cause?
A
dilated annulus due to PHT
3
Q
What are the SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of PR?
A
usually asymptomatic
if severe: signs of overload to right heart and cava
-Jugular venous distension
-Peripheral edema
-Hepatomegaly
-Ascites
4
Q
What type of AUSCULTATION is heard with PR?
A
Blowing holodiastolic murmur at upper LSB
5
Q
Severe PHT is clearly distinguishable and referred to as a
A
graham steel murmur
6
Q
What are the TREATMENTS of PI?
A
-Well tolerated, if severe - valvuloplasty in terms of repair/replacement
7
Q
What are the 2D FINDINGS of PI?
A
- anatomic changes/ abnormalities at valve if present
- RVH
- RVE
- RAE
- fine diastolic flutter on TV
- pulmonary artery dilation
- PSM, D shaped LV in diastole
8
Q
What is evidence of PHT?
A
RVH
9
Q
What are the COLOR/DOPPLER FINDINGS of PI?
A
- Red to candle flame diastolic jet into RVOT
- Box shaped envelope above baseline during diastole
10
Q
What findings indicate SEVERE PI?
A
- prominent holodiastolic flow reversal in PA
- presence of PISA
- premature opening of PV
- increased antegrade velocity
- PR Index < .77