Quality Mgmt

Question 1

Quality

Answer 1

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements

Question 2

Quality management processes

Answer 2

Initiating - none 
Planning - plan quality mgmt 
Executing - manage quality
Monitor & control - control quality
Closing - none

Question 3

Plan quality mgmt outputs

Answer 3

Quality mgmt plan, quality metrics

Question 4

Manage quality outputs

Answer 4

Change requests, test and evaluation docs

Question 5

Control quality outputs

Answer 5

Quality control measurements, verified deliverables

Question 6

Total quality management

Answer 6

Everyone is involved in quality and is able to make a difference to quality

Shifts focus from products to processes

Question 7

Continuous improvement

Answer 7

Aka KAIZEN, stresses constant process improvement in the form of small changes in product or services

PDCA

Question 8

Just in time

Answer 8

Manufacturing method that brings inventory down to zero

Forces a focus on quality since there’s no excess inventory

Question 9

ISO 9000

Answer 9

International organization for standardization, ensures companies document what they do and do what they document

Question 10

Statistical independence

Answer 10

Outcomes of two processes are not linked together or dependent upon each other

Question 11

Mutually exclusive

Answer 11

States that one choice excludes the other

Question 12

Standard deviation

Answer 12

Measure and describe how a set of data is organized, typically a bell curve

Average all data points together to get the mean, calculate the difference between each data point and the mean, squaring the differences and dividing the sum by the number of data points minus one

Question 13

Six sigma

Answer 13

Popular quality management philosophy that focuses on achieving high levels of quality by controlling processes and reducing defects

A sigma is 1 std dev from the mean

Question 14

Prevention vs inspection

Answer 14

Prevention is simply keeping defects from occurring while inspection is identify and catching errors before they impact others

Obvi prevention is preferred

Question 15

Attribute sampling vs variable sampling

Answer 15

Attribute sampling is binary, it either conforms or doesn’t, pass or fail

Variable sampling is a measure of how well something conforms to quality, continuous

Question 16

Special causes vs common causes

Answer 16

Special causes are typically considered unusual and preventable while common are normal

Question 17

Tolerance vs control limits

Answer 17

Tolerances deal with the limits your project has set for the product acceptance

Control limits focus on whether the process is acceptable

Question 18

Customer satisfaction

Answer 18

Fitness for use and conformance to requirements

Does it do the right thing and does it do the thing right?

Question 19

Management responsibility

Answer 19

Mgmt is responsible to make sure the focus stays on quality mgmt and that initiatives have adequate resources and funding

Question 20

Mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers

Answer 20

Relationships with vendors are critical and benefit both parties

Question 21

Agile projects

Answer 21

Agile projects get the product in the customers hands as quickly as possible and are able to adapt and prioritize constantly

Takes on small tasks, gets feedback from users and improves

If a problem happens it should be detected early and thus costs less

Question 22

Plan quality mgmt

Answer 22

Team identifies the quality specs and how the specs will be met

Question 23

Plan quality mgmt tools

Answer 23

Data representation - flowchart, matrix, mind map, logical data model, SIPOC
Test and inspection planning

Question 24

Quality mgmt plan

Answer 24

Defines the standards, tools, responsibilities and activities needed to achieve the quality goals and roles needed to carry them out

Question 25

Quality metrics

Answer 25

Allow quality to me measured, quantified and defined

Ex: number of defects, overtime, rework, downtime, etc.

Question 26

Manage quality

Answer 26

Referred to as quality assurance, product design and process improvement

Put quality mgmt plan into practice and make sure p/r/s achieves quality

Improve and streamline the overall processes of the p/r/s

Question 27

Manage quality tools

Answer 27

Data representation - affinity, cause and effect, flowcharts, histogram (Pareto), matrix, scatter 
Audits - key tool in manage quality 
Design for x 
Problem solving
Quality improvement models

Question 28

Design for x

Answer 28

Design for excellence
Design is applied to the top priorities
Design for assembly, manufacturing, logistics, serviceability

Question 29

Problem solving

Answer 29

Define —> root cause —> identify solutions —> choose solution —> implement —> verify

Question 30

Quality improvement models

Answer 30

PDCA, six sigma

Question 31

Quality reports

Answer 31

Can be qualitative or quantitative

Question 32

Test and evaluation documents

Answer 32

Quality checklists, requirements traceability matrices

Question 33

Control quality

Answer 33

Uses the tool of inspection to make sure the results of the work are what they are supposed to be

Many cases use statistical sampling rather than testing all outputs

Question 34

Control quality tools

Answer 34

Inspection
Testing/product evaluations
Data representation - control charts

Question 35

Testing/product evaluations

Answer 35

May also include software

Stress, unit, usability, regression (backwards compatibility), integration, burn-in testing

Question 36

Control charts

Answer 36

Statistical process control, one way of depicting variants and determining if a process is in control or not

Rule of 7 - if 7 or more data points are on one side, investigate

Question 37

Quality control measurements

Answer 37

Results of quality

Question 38

Verified deliverables

Answer 38

Deliverables have been inspected and measured to make sure they conform to quality standards