Quality Management and Quality Control

Question 1

What are the typical inputs to the Manage Quality process?

Answer 1

1. The project management plan
2. Project documents
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. Project documents, such as the lessons learned register and the risk report, can provide insight into how to manage your project’s quality.
   Organizational process assets
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. Organizational process assets, or OPAs, include organizational quality management systems, guidelines, and policies that are relevant to the quality of your project.

Question 2

Which activities form part of a quality audit?

Answer 2

1. Ensuring project documentation is based on correct templates
   - This is a correct option. An important activity in a quality audit system is to compare documented processes to actual evidence of how project work is being carried out. If processes call for the use of particular templates – for example, for documenting schedules and plans – an audit should confirm these are being used.
2. Submitting a change request to streamline quality control procedures
   - This is a correct option. Quality auditors should inspect work results to identify any inefficiencies or areas for process improvements. In this case, there was an opportunity to streamline control procedures, so a request to change the procedures was submitted.
3. Identifying best practices and then communicating these to other teams so they can benefit from them- This is a correct option. Quality audits aim to identify best practices. Such positive audit results are then communicated to everyone else to ensure that the entire organization is equipped to produce consistent, high quality deliverables or services.
4. Checking that an approved change to the schedule is being implemented- This is a correct option. Quality audits involve checking that approved change requests are properly implemented. If an approved change is made to the project schedule, for instance, an audit should check that this change is being followed.

Question 3

Sequence the steps in a root cause analysis.

Answer 3

1. Define the problem
   - The first step is to define the problem that must be analyzed.
2. Gather data to describe the problem
   - Once you’ve isolated the problem, the second step is to gather data that will provide an accurate description of the problem.
3. Determine possible causes
   Correct answer. - After gathering information about the problem, step three is to determine all of its possible causes.
4. Select the root cause
   Correct answer. - The fourth step is to select the root cause of the problem from the possible causes you’ve identified.
5. Develop a solution strategy
   Correct answer. - The fifth step is to develop a solution strategy to deal with the problem based on its root cause.
6. Test and evaluate the solution
   Correct answer. - The sixth and final step is to test and evaluate the solution strategy you have developed, to ensure it corrects the problem.

Question 4

What are the outputs of the Manage Quality process?

Answer 4

1. Project management plan updates
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. During the quality management process, project managers often have to revise procedures, change activity dates, and adjust expenses. Relevant updates to the project management plan, which includes the quality, schedule, and cost management plans, are then needed.
2. Project document updates
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. Quality audit reports often trigger corrective action, which may lead to a change in processes and procedures. In turn, relevant project documents – such as quality audit reports, training plans, and process documentation – must be updated.
3. Quality reports
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. During the Manage Quality process, project managers often uncover issues and take corrective actions. Quality reports must be updated to identify these actions and their effects.
4. Change requests
   Not selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. During the Manage Quality process, change requests are issued to prompt changes that will result in better efficiency and higher quality.
5. Test and evaluation documents
   Selected
   Correct answer. - This is a correct option. Test and evaluation documents include checklists and detailed requirements traceability matrices.

Question 5

What are the inputs to the Control Quality process?

Answer 5

1. Project documents
   - This is a correct option. Project documents, such as quality metrics and test and evaluation documents, are used as part of the Control Quality process.
2. Enterprise environmental factors
   - This is a correct option. Enterprise environmental factors such as industry or governmental regulations, rules, standards, and guidelines should be considered in the Control Quality process.
3. Project management plan
   - This is a correct option. The project management plan includes information you use to control quality.
4. Deliverables
   - This is a correct option. The completed product or service is an input to the Control Quality process.
5. OPAs
   - This is a correct option. Organizational process assets are used to control quality and can help standardize processes.
6. Work performance data
   - This is a correct option. Work performance data is used as a baseline in quality control activities.
7. Approved change requests
   - This is a correct option. Approved change requests are used in the Control Quality process and help guide the quality standards you control.

Question 6

Match each data gathering and analysis technique used in the Quality Control process to the category it relates to. Each category may have more than one match.

Answer 6

Data analysis:
Performance reviews
Root cause analysis

Data gathering:
Checklists and checksheets
Statistical sampling
Questionnaires and surveys

Question 7

Which tools and techniques are used to control project quality?

Answer 7

1. Data gathering
   - This is a correct option. Data gathering is a technique that provides vital details you can use to control your project’s quality.
2. Meetings
   - This is a correct option. Meetings are used throughout the Control Quality process to discuss and identify issues and to confirm with stakeholders if requirements have been met.
3. testing and product evaluations
   - This is a correct option. Testing and evaluations are techniques that help to identify any errors or defects in a product or service.
4. Inspection
   - This is a correct option. Inspection is a technique used to control quality and is carried out by observing, measuring, or testing results to find out if they meet quality standards.
5. Data representation
   - This is a correct option. Data representation techniques such as cause-and-effect diagrams, control charts, histograms, and scatter diagrams help you understand data relevant to the quality of your project.
6. Data analysis
   - This is a correct option. Data analysis helps to turn raw data related to the quality of your project into usable information.

Question 8

Sequence the steps you perform to create a Pareto diagram.

Answer 8

1. Develop a list of causes of error
   - The first step in creating a Pareto diagram is identifying and listing possible causes of errors.
2. Record how frequently each error type occurs - Once you’ve listed possible causes of error, step two is to determine how frequently each of the causes results in actual defects or errors. This will enable you to rank each of the causes in terms of its significance.
3. Rank the causes in descending order - After recording how frequently each error type occurs, step three is to rank the causes of error based on this information, from those responsible for the most errors through to the causes responsible for the fewest errors.
4. Find the cumulative percentage of errors for each cause - After you’ve ranked the causes, step four is to determine the cumulative percentage of the total errors for which each of the causes is responsible. This will enable you to plot the data.
5. Create a histogram that displays the data
   - As the fifth step, you create a histogram containing a bar for each of the identified causes, which you include in descending order based on how many errors each has resulted in.
6. Draw a line graph that plots the cumulative percentages for each cause- In step six, to complete the Pareto diagram, you draw a line graph on the histogram that plots the cumulative percentage of total errors for each cause.

Question 9

What are some of the outputs of the Control Quality process?

Answer 9

1. Quality control measurements. - This is a correct option. Quality control measurements detail how deliverables compare to the required quality standards outlined during quality planning.
2. Change requests - This is a correct option. If an issue is identified during the Control Quality process, a change request may be submitted to address the problem or defect.
3. Verified deliverables - This is a correct option. Verified deliverables are the completed products or services that meet required quality standards.
4. Project management plan updates - This is a correct option. The project management plan is updated as a result of controlling quality with the findings of the process.
5. Project document updates - This is a correct option. Project document updates are an output of quality control activities.
6. Work performance information- This is a correct option. Work performance data gathered during quality control activities is analyzed in context, interpreted, and used to develop actionable information.

Question 10

In a control chart, the upper control limit is 18 and the lower control limit is 6.

Which data series indicates the process is out of control?

Answer 10

13, 7, 11, 10, 9, 11, 8, 8, 14, 13
- This is the correct option. There are seven data points in a row that fall between the mean – 12 – and the lower control limit of 6. Because it meets the Rule of 7, this series shows that the process is out of control.

Question 11

What are the typical characteristics of quality management?

1. It ensures that activities and performance conform with quality standards
2. It invests in the prevention of defects or inefficient processes
3. It focuses on what processes are in place in an organization

Answer 11

1. Its main area of concern is in organizational processes
   - This is a correct option. Quality management focuses on procedures and how employees follow them in a business.
2. It promotes investment in prevention as a worthwhile cost
   - This is a correct option. Managing quality may incur certain costs, but these are seen as an investment that will lower future quality-related costs.
3. It ensures that employees adhere to specific processes
   - This is a correct option. A key aspect of quality management is to make sure that employees conform to processes and procedures when carrying out project work.

Question 12

What are the main characteristics of quality control?

1. It takes into account both internal and external failure costs
2. It identifies areas where a deliverable doesn’t conform to a process
3. It relates to whether deliverables meet project requirements

Answer 12

1. It takes into consideration the project deliverable
   - This is a correct option. Quality control focuses on the end product, service, or result.
2. It attempts to limit internal and external failure costs
   - Internal and external failure costs are key concerns of quality control.
3. It indicates which aspects of a deliverable do not conform to requirements - An important feature of quality control is its emphasis on revealing nonconformance issues.

Question 13

Which aspects describe the relationship and distinction between quality management and quality control?

Answer 13

1. Change requests related to a specific problem in a deliverable, when implemented, help prevent future nonconformance problems
   - This is a correct option. Change requests – an output of the quality control process – are used to alter and improve the procedures employees use to perform project work, which is a feature of quality management.
2. The quality control process reveals problems, and a root cause analysis then finds their cause
   - This is a correct option. By revealing defects – an aspect of quality control – you can then find a cause and a related solution that can https://www.brainscape.com/contactbe implemented in a quality management process.
3. Prevention of nonconformance issues leads to reduced internal and external failure costs; in an iterative cycle, this results in continuous improvement
   - This is a correct option. Quality management focuses on the prevention of nonconformance issues, which in turn helps to limit internal and external failures and related costs. And because quality management is an ongoing process and consistently feeds into quality control, deliverables can only improve.

Question 14

Which inputs are used in the Manage Quality process?

Answer 14

1. Organizational process assets
2. The project management plan
3. Project documents

Question 15

Which activities can form part of a quality audit?

Answer 15

1. Checking that health and safety logs are signed off by the health and safety officer
2. Checking that there are sufficient quality checking procedures in place to ensure required product quality
3. Checking that a process change to enhance quality has been implemented
4. Sharing best practices with others in an organization

Question 16

What are the inputs to the Control Quality process?

Answer 16

1. OPAs
2. Deliverables
3. Work performance data
4. Project management plan
5. EEFs
6. Project documents
7. Approved change requests

Question 17

In a control chart, the upper control limit is 10 and the lower control limit is 2.

Which data series indicates the process is out of control?

Answer 17

2, 9, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8, 5, 9

Question 18

Which elements reflect some aspects of the relationship and distinction between quality management and quality control?

Answer 18

1. There is an iterative cycle of continuous improvement
2. Investing in conformance processes helps prevent future nonconformance issues in deliverables
3. Internal and external failure costs are reduced through prevention