Quaglio - Laboratory Techniques and Biosecurity Flashcards
What are the common laboratory techniques used in fish pathology?
- Histopathology
- Bacteriology
- Molecular diagnostics (e.g., PCR)
- Microscopy and staining
- Culture and sensitivity testing
These techniques are essential for diagnosing diseases and understanding fish health.
What is histopathology, and why is it important in fish pathology?
- Examining tissues microscopically for cellular abnormalities
- Identifies infections, granulomas, and tissue necrosis
Histopathology helps in understanding disease mechanisms and assessing tissue damage.
What stains are commonly used in fish histopathology?
- Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for general tissue structure
- Ziehl-Neelsen for mycobacteria
- PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) for fungal elements
These stains highlight different cellular components and organisms in tissue samples.
What is the role of bacteriology in fish pathology?
- Culturing bacteria to identify causative agents
- Determines antibiotic sensitivity for effective treatment
Bacteriology is crucial for diagnosing bacterial infections and guiding treatment.
What culture media are used for fish bacteriology?
- TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar)
- Blood Agar for hemolytic bacteria
- Marine Agar for saltwater pathogens
- TCBS Agar for Vibrio species
Different media support the growth of specific bacteria relevant to fish diseases.
What is molecular diagnostics, and how is it used in fish pathology?
- Techniques like PCR detect specific DNA/RNA of pathogens
- Provides rapid and accurate identification of diseases
Molecular diagnostics enable the detection of pathogens that are difficult to culture.
What is the purpose of antibiotic sensitivity testing?
- Determines the most effective antibiotics
- Helps reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance
This testing is vital for selecting appropriate treatments for bacterial infections.
What is the significance of wet mount microscopy in fish diagnostics?
- Identifies parasites and fungal elements
- Used to examine skin, gills, and fin samples
Wet mounts are a quick method for assessing external infections.
How are samples collected for laboratory analysis in fish pathology?
- Tissues (liver, kidney, spleen) for histology
- Skin scrapes or gill clips for microscopy
- Swabs of lesions for bacteriology or molecular tests
Proper sample collection is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
What are the steps for sample preservation in fish pathology?
- Fix tissues in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology
- Refrigerate or freeze samples for bacteriology and molecular analysis
- Use sterile containers and avoid contamination
Sample preservation maintains the integrity of specimens for analysis.
What is biosecurity, and why is it critical in aquaculture?
- A set of practices to prevent disease introduction and spread
- Ensures the health and productivity of fish stocks
Biosecurity measures are essential for sustainable aquaculture operations.
What are the key components of biosecurity in aquaculture?
- Quarantine new fish stocks
- Disinfect equipment and water systems
- Control access to facilities
- Maintain high water quality
These components work together to minimize disease risks.
What is the purpose of quarantine in biosecurity?
- Isolates new or diseased fish to prevent disease spread
- Allows for observation and treatment of latent infections
Quarantine is a proactive measure to protect fish populations.
How is equipment sanitized in aquaculture biosecurity?
- Use disinfectants like chlorine, iodine, or peracetic acid
- Rinse thoroughly to avoid residues harmful to fish
Proper sanitation of equipment is critical to prevent cross-contamination.
What role does water quality monitoring play in biosecurity?
- Prevents stress-induced diseases by maintaining optimal conditions
- Reduces pathogen proliferation in tanks or ponds
Good water quality is vital for fish health and disease prevention.